Helios na drugačiji način - kako iz nesavršenosti nastaje lepota by alexs1320

yu-stem · @alexs1320 · Mar 18 '18 (edited)

$22.70

Helios na drugačiji način - kako iz nesavršenosti nastaje lepota

Jedan od svakako najpoželjnijih, ali i najjeftinijih starih objektiva, svakako je sovjetski model **Helios 44-2, 58mm, f/2.0**.

Razvoj sovjetske optike doživljava renesansu po završetku Drugog svetskog rata, kada u posed Sovjeta dolazi znanje kompanije *Zeiss Jena*.

Čitave serije objektiva ispirisane su starim *Zeiss*-ovim rešenjima.
Dobra strana za korisnike ogleda se u tome da se po 3-5x nižoj ceni može dobiti relativno sličan proizvod.

**Helios 44-2** se može naći već za nekih 20 evra (uz malo truda i sreće čak i za 10 evra).

Optički gledano, u pitanju je kopija modela *Zeiss Biotar*:

<center> ![helios sema.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXGveo9v5Pg7rrY3RygnBYjrKPkXawFxbP2FRpoTAtA5L/helios%20sema.jpg) </center>
<sup> <center> Modifokovano sa sajta fabrike [Zenit](https://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/lenses/helios-44.html). Ako ste vični Ruskom, verovatno najbolja stranica za traženje pojedinih verzija </center> </sup>

Objektiv je vrlo cenjen za portrete, pošto pravi efekat vrtloga *eng. swirly bokeh*, koji se naročito lepo uočava sa *full frame* senzorima.

Imajte u vidu da je f - broj praktično prečnik, delilac fokalne dužine, tako da f/2.0 na *APS-C* senzoru 75mm i f/3.0.

# Odakle dolazi vrtlog?
----------
Delimično iz razloga što objektiv nema jednaku oštrinu u centru i na periferiji:

<center> ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfByeYFsdr2KDEQUb8SgDqxQZUkXQ73MNMambVEF8CtAv/image.png) </center>

# Macro sa Helios-om
---------------
Tema današnjeg posta je makro-fotografija sa Heliosom.

<center> ![h2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZr7BTJp9CVFViZreMvDu3rcHs7QhCQxBrX2w9Hu6HWvS/h2.jpg) </center>

Metod je krajnje jednostavan i intuitivan.
Makro tubama se objektiv udaljava od senzora i na taj način je omogućeno bliže fokusiranje.

Sa dodatnih 26 mm ekstenzionih tubica, postiže se širina kadra od oko 5 cm.

Usled kretanja optičkih elemenata, dolazi do efekta zvanog "focus breathing", tako da fokusiranjem postižete različitu širinu kadra. Praktično kao da imate zoom.

## Dosadni, zatvoreni Helios protiv Heliosa kakav treba da bude
----------
Znam da promašujem svu poentu Heliosa, ali hajde da probamo sa zatvorenom aperturom, f/8.0.
Sa ovakvim podešavanjima, nema vrtloga, sve je prihvatljivo oštro i u X-Y ravni i po dubini.

Ako želite da isprobate formulu i u potpunosti razumete fiziku vezanu za dubinsku oštrinu, posetite [link](http://www.giangrandi.ch/optics/dofcalc/dofcalc.shtml)

Ako uzmemo da je radna daljina 20 cm, sa f/2.0, dubinska oštrina je samo milimetar (*circle of confusion" 130 μm, λ = 550 nm).
Za iste parametre, f/8.0 daje dubinsku oštrinu od čak 3.8 mm!

Da pogledamo primere:

![SL1.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZk1hvAzeqxeFJyNkqr7BEJtgninRtW6kC9QcQaAbakMN/SL1.jpg)
f/8.0 vrlo dosadna fotografija, sa jakim kontrastom i oštrinom gotovo svuda

![s2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRCr7ZYWEA78TwTpyYQw6MUUirRhxf3NfZQFESvPwsJx4/s2.jpg)
f/2.0 Helios kakav i očekujete, sa vrtlogom, slabim kontrastom i bajkovitim izgledom

## Hromatske aberacije i *flare*
----------
Usled "lošeg" površinskog sloja, Helios je poznat po bakljicama koje apsolutno tako ne zove (*flares*).

U ovom slučaju, iskoristićemo i hromatske aberacije.

<center> ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYEDaQLMPsR9mk5XzjXX3sNM3XQRVZTJMYkGJHNt2odU4/image.png) </center>
Kako crvena i plava svetlost nisu jednake energije, njihovi putevi kroz optiku će se razlikovati. Kod prostog sočiva, efekat je jako izražen, te stoga konstruktori pribegavaju brojnim rešenjima koja se zasnivaju na tome da se zrak lomi 2x u suprotnom pravcu, kako bi se efekat neutralisao.

### Kako da prevarite fiziku?
------------
Prosto i jednostavno, dopustite da svetlost padne ne perpendikularno na ravan objektiva, već skoro paralelno.
Zaboravite zonericu kod kuće:

![s3.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQNzorf8SZXk7ihSAPhMLDJZjqV25MgVJBu32RLnMZ3bz/s3.jpg)
f/2.8, možete primetiti da je *bokeh* šestougaoni. Usled pada svetlosti sa strane pod skoro 90 stepeni, kontrast je ispran, ali se postiglo "neželjeno" rasipanje boja.

# Ko kaže da je fizika dosadna :) 

## Reference:
-------------
* Zenit, zvanični sajt, na Ruskom, [link](https://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/lenses/helios-44.html)
* Kalkulator dubinske oštrine, mnogo bolji od polupismenih aplikacija, [link](http://www.giangrandi.ch/optics/dofcalc/dofcalc.shtml)
* Malo fizike o aberacijama, [link](https://archive.cnx.org/contents/699b651c-1400-46f0-9852-2cb4bb571693@2/aberrations)
-----------------
#### Licences:
------------
<center> Photographies were made by the author, don't use them without asking. Schemes were modified from the original Russian files - be free to use them. The table is mine, use it as you wish. And the photo about aberrations, use it according to the guides of the Reference 3.  </center> 
--------------
#### Autore sa naših područja možete naći na *Discord* kanalima: 
----------------
* Balkan SteemIt Alliance
* SteemIt Srbija
* SteemIt Balkan
* Team Serbia
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@photocontests3 · Mar 18 '18

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@miroslavrc · Mar 18 '18

$0.05

Super tekst. Inace, ja sam prvo poceo helios 44-2 da koristim na mom dslr pa tek onda sam kupio neke malo bolje objektive sa autofokusom i drugom ziznom daljinom. :)
Evo mog jednog primera sa heliosom i macro tubama. Koliko se secam, mislim da je otvor blende bio na f8. :)
![Pauk macro.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZTHUo8HVfLFowJtbS2VXACmJpAYZSXM588nLarLWq4GH/Pauk%20macro.jpg)

👍 alexs1320, stalexmkl

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@alexs1320 · Mar 18 '18

Wow, krstaš (*Araneus diadematus*)! Mnogo ih volim

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@miroslavrc · Mar 18 '18

Nisam znao da se tako zove. :D

👍 alexs1320

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1 reply

@teamserbia · Mar 18 '18

$0.13

Pozdrav @alexs1320! :)
Dobili ste glas od zajednice Team Serbia koja je formirana radi podrške našim autorima.
Za više informacija o našem radu i radi druženja sa ostalim članovima, posetite nas na našem discord serveru https://discord.gg/8ynKhMd

👍 alexs1320, hidden84

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alexs1320	0 B		31,575,689,640	100%
hidden84	0 B		9,225,316,409	100%

@alexs1320 · Mar 18 '18

Hvala za podršku i srećno Steem-ovanje :)

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@bil.prag · Mar 19 '18

$0.02

nikad nisam stigo do makro tuba. pokusavao sam makro sa okrenutim kit objektivom iz ruke (bez zavrtanja na apratat). Zanimljivo jedino ako ti je dosadno, nista ozbiljnije :)
![_MG_2688a.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYmtuTXpYLvUFErbHAxV3kGm7ZuuRdpPPexBtrgbaEMLJ/_MG_2688a.jpg)

Helios je stvoren za igranje, dovoljno je jeftin da ti ne bude zao, a opet ne suvise komplikovan da ga bar delimicno rasklopis :)

👍 alexs1320

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@alexs1320 · Mar 19 '18

Imam taj reversing ring za kit objektiv, zakačen na 600d - nenormalno praktična stvar.
Više mi se sviđa od tubica. 
Širina kadra ide od nekih 6mm (mikroskop...) do 4cm.  

Jedino što nemaš kontrolu aperture (za to treba jedno 50-70 evra adapter)
Ali može da se pritisne * pa otkači i onda ostane zaglavljena.
I ako uzimaš, neka ima UV filter da ga ne tresneš u nešto.

👍 miroslavrc

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@serbia · Mar 19 '18

Re-steemed by @serbia

Steemit Srbija Discord server:
[![bbb.png](https://i.imgur.com/YN5tKIl.png)](https://discord.gg/ajxMU7N)

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