Optimization of the Oil and Gas Sector in Aceh Through Digital Transformation in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 | by ayijufridar

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Optimization of the Oil and Gas Sector in Aceh Through Digital Transformation in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 |
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[](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/11/02/14/23/oil-rig-514035_1280.jpg)
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By Farid Fahlevi

Aceh has a myriad of abundant earth energy potentials, one of which is oil and gas. Activities in the oil and gas sector have spread across 12 work areas throughout Aceh. Of these, 9 of them are under the authority of Aceh under the Aceh Oil and Gas Management Agency. While the other three are under the authority of the Central Government under the supervision of SKK Migas (Serambinews.com, 2021).

Even so, in 2020 the achievement of income figures based on constant prices from the oil and gas sector is only Rp. 5.42 trillion (BPS Aceh, 2021). This achievement is in stark contrast to the previous 10 years, which had touched the figure of Rp. 10.74 trillion (BPS Aceh, 2021). These statistics clearly show a two-fold decline in oil and gas production in the last decade. This is of course unfortunate considering that Aceh's Special Autonomy Fund is expected to end in 2027, so the Aceh Government must immediately take the initiative to find other supplies of funds for regional development, one way is through optimization of this leading oil and gas sector.

Entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, which relies entirely on the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IioT), Big Data, cyber-physical systems (CPS), artificial intelligence (AI), Cloud Systems, smart factories, or simply means transformation. digital technology must be a new breakthrough and be able to collaborate in the oil and gas sector in Aceh and replace the old conventional way in order to produce more optimal and efficient production results for regional development.

On the other hand, in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, it turns out that it also depends on the supply of the oil and gas sector as a source of energy or industrial raw materials, so if the supply is disrupted, the Acehnese economy will indirectly be vulnerable to imports and global disruption. Thus, optimizing the oil and gas sector is a necessity that cannot be postponed to support the independence, strength, and prosperity of the Acehnese economy.

One of the scourges often faced in the oil and gas industry is related to dry holes, namely zero oil and gas exploration results because no hydrocarbon reserves or dry wells have been found. Meanwhile, the costs and time that have been sacrificed for exploration are too large and have not been in accordance with the expected results. With the presence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, it is expected to accelerate exploration, find new reserves, and also increase production in the oil and gas industry. AI is able to provide accuracy, quality, and speed of data processing and presents data into 3D views so as to provide a more complete perspective in producing efficient decisions. This will increase the success of drilling activities, the benefits will be felt for exploration drilling.


In addition, activities in the oil and gas sector will certainly involve very complex data sets, ranging from the exploration, production, post-production processes to corporate governance systems. The data is so complex that there is a high risk of failure if it is not integrated properly.

This is where the role of digital transformation can be applied to support efficiency and reduce operational costs. Through big data analytics and cloud technology, all complex data can be analyzed and managed more structured and can be accessed in real-time from various platforms because the data has been stored through Cloud technology so that decisions can be made quickly.

The benefits can also be felt in the exploration process in the upstream sector, through analyzing the results of previous project data, big data can predict future project performance with optimized oil recovery and production rates and make it easier to get new oil and gas reserves.

Meanwhile, in the downstream sector, the presence of big data can be used as a refinery monitoring system to optimize the refinery maintenance schedule for the sake of work safety in the field. In addition, big data can also be applied to monitor in real-time the distribution system and downstream sales transactions so that no funds are leaked and transparency aspects can be achieved.


However, the digital transformation process in the oil and gas sector is not as easy as we imagine. The technology procurement process certainly requires a large investment capital. Currently, the Government of Aceh is still steadfast in implementing a cost recovery calculation scheme for oil and gas investors so that operating costs are borne by the government and the licensing process is more complicated so that it does not excite investors.

On the other hand, the new gross split fiscal scheme proposed by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources may be implemented by the Government of Aceh because it is considered a catalyst for increasing investment in the oil and gas sector because the democracy licensing process is faster and easier and can be more efficient because the operating costs are borne by the investors themselves.

With the presence of investors, it is also expected to be able to maximize the amount of oil and gas production and facilitate the process of technology transfer through various kinds of training to the people of Aceh on oil and gas processing in the future. Rapid technological developments must also be balanced with strengthening the skills of human resources (HR) in the oil and gas sector in Indonesia. Aceh.

If not, then the potential of the oil and gas sector will be vulnerable to exploitation by foreign parties because we lose in the mastery of technology. Therefore, we must be able to realize competent human resources because the responsibility for oil and gas processing should be our collective obligation to support independence, strength, and economic prosperity in Aceh[]
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https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/05/05/23/36/refinery-109025_1280.jpg
[](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/05/05/23/36/refinery-109025_1280.jpg)
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https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/05/14/14/01/refinery-3400043_1280.jpg
[](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/05/14/14/01/refinery-3400043_1280.jpg)

***

# Optimalisasi Sektor Migas di Aceh Melalui Transformasi Digital di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Oleh Farid Fahlevi

Aceh memiliki segudang potensi energi bumi yang berlimpah, salah satunya adalah minyak bumi dan gas. Aktivitas pada sektor migas telah tersebar di 12 wilayah kerja di seluruh Aceh. Dari jumlah tersebut, 9 di antaranya menjadi kewenangan Aceh di bawah Badan Pengelolaan Migas Aceh. Sementara tiga lainnya merupakan kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat di bawah pengawasan SKK Migas (Serambinews.com, 2021). 

Meskipun begitu, pada 2020 capaian angka pendapatan berdasarkan harga konstan dari sektor migas hanya sebesar Rp5,42 triliun (BPS Aceh, 2021). Capaian tersebut sangatlah kontras jika dibandingkan 10 tahun sebelumnya yaitu sempat menyentuh angka Rp10,74 triliun (BPS Aceh, 2021). Data statistik tersebut sangat jelas menunjukkan adanya penurunan dua kali lipat dalam produksi migas dalam kurun dekade terakhir. Hal ini tentunya disayangkan mengingat bantuan dana Otsus Aceh diperkirakan akan berakhir di tahun 2027 sehingga Pemerintah Aceh harus segera berinisiatif menemukan pasokan dana lainnya untuk pembangunan daerah, salah satu caranya melalui optimalisasi pada sektor migas unggulan ini.

Memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0 ini yang serba mengandalkan Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IioT), Big Data, Sistem fisik siber (CPS), artificial intelligence (AI), Cloud System , pabrik pintar, atau sederhananya bermakna transformasi digital harus menjadi terobosan baru dan mampu berkolaborasi pada sektor migas di Aceh  dan mengantikan cara lama yang konvensional agar dapat menghasilkan hasil produksi yang lebih optimal dan efisien bagi  pembangunan daerah. 

Di sisi lain, pada era revolusi industri 4.0 ternyata juga bergantung dengan pasokan sektor migas sebagai sumber energi atau bahan baku industri maka apabila pasokannya terganggu maka secara tidak langsung perekonomian Aceh akan rentan dengan impor dan disrupsi global. Dengan demikian, optimalisasi sektor migas adalah suatu keharusan yang tak dapat ditunda untuk menunjang kemandirian, kekuatan, dan kesejahteraan perekonomian Aceh.

Salah satu momok sering dihadapi dalam industri migas terkait dengan dry hole yaitu hasil eksplorasi migas nihil karena tidak ditemukannya cadangan hidrokarbon atau sumur kering. Sedangkan, biaya dan waktu yang telah dikorbankan untuk eksplorasi terlalu besar dan belum sesuai dengan hasil diharapkan. Dengan kehadiran teknologi artificial intelligence (AI) diharapkan dapat mempercepat eksplorasi,menemukan cadangan baru dan juga meningkatkan produksi di industry migas. AI mampu memberikan akurasi, kualitas dan kecepatan pemrosesan data dan menyajikan data menjadi tampilan 3D sehingga memberikan perspektif yang lebih lengkap dalam menghasilkan keputusan yang efisien. Hal ini akan meningkatkan keberhasilan kegiatan pemboran, manfaat akan sangat dirasakan untuk pemboran eksplorasi.


Selain itu, aktivitas di sektor migas ini pastinya akan melibatkan kumpulan data yang sangat kompleks, mulai dari proses eksplorasi, produksi, pasca produksi hingga sistem tata kelola perusahaan. Saking kompleksnya data-data tersebut sehingga sangat beresiko tinggi akan kegagalan bila tidak terintegrasi dengan baik. 

Disinilah peran dari transformasi digital dapat diterapkan untuk menunjang sisi efisiensi dan menekan biaya operasional. Melalui teknologi big data analiyst dan cloud, semua data kompleks tersebut dapat dianalisa dan dikelola lebih terstruktur dan dapat diakses secara real time dari berbagai platform karena datanya telah disimpan melalui teknologi Cloud sehingga keputusan dapat diambil dengan cepat. 

Manfaatnya juga dapat dirasakan pada proses eksplorasi di sektor hulu, melalui analisa hasil data proyek sebelumnya big data dapat memprediksi performa proyek yang akan datang dengan tingkat pemulihan dan produksi minyak yang sudah dioptimalkan dan mempermudah mendapatkan cadangan migas baru. 

Sementara di sektor hilir, kehadiran big data dapat digunakan sebagai sistem monitoring kilang untuk mengoptimalkan jadwal pemeliharaan kilang yang bertujuan demi keselamatan kerja di lapangan. Selain itu, big data juga dapat diterapkan untuk mengawasi  secara real time sistem distribusi dan transaksi penjualan di hilir sehingga tidak ada dana yang bocor dan aspek transparansi dapat tercapai.

Namun, proses transformasi digital di sektor migas tidak semudah yang kita bayangkan. Proses pengadaan teknologi tersebut pastinya membutuhkan modal investasi yang besar. Saat ini Pemerintah Aceh masih kukuh menerapkan skema perhitungan cost recovery bagi investor migas sehingga biaya operasi menjadi tanggungan pemerintah dan proses perizinannya lebih rumit sehingga kurang menggairahkan investor. Di sisi lain, skema fiskal baru gross split yang dicadangkan kementerian ESDM mungkin bisa dicoba diterapkan Pemerintah Aceh karena dianggap menjadi katalis peningkatan investasi di sektor migas karena proses perizinan biokrasi cepat dan lebih mudah serta dapat lebih efisien karena biaya operasi menjadi tanggungan investor sendiri. 

Dengan kehadiran investor juga diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan jumlah produksi migas serta memudahkan proses transfer teknologi melalui berbagai macam pelatihan kepada masyarakat Aceh akan pengolahan migas di masa mendatang, Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin cepat harus juga diimbangi dengan penguatan keterampilan sumber daya manusia ( SDM) pada sektor migas di Aceh. Jika tidak maka potensi sektor migas akan rentan dieksploitasi oleh pihak-pihak asing karena kita kalah akan penguasaan teknologi. Oleh karena itu, kita harus mampu mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkompeten karena semestinya tanggung jawab pengolahan migas harus menjadi kewajiban kita bersama untuk menunjang kemandirian, kekuatam dan kesejahteraan perekonomian di Aceh[]

_Artikel ini merupakan juara pertama Lomba Menulis Artikel “Semangat Perubahan Aceh Baru” 2021 yang digelar Universitas Malikussaleh, SKK Migas, dan Premier Oil Andaman Ltd A Harbour Energy Company._
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