What Are Open Source OS : Why Is "Open Source" So Important To The Internet Of Things? by biomanu

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· @biomanu · (edited)
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What Are Open Source OS : Why Is "Open Source" So Important To The Internet Of Things?
**By now we all are familiar with the concept of Internet Of Things (IoT). In our everyday life we can feel it in all sectors of life.**
For the development of Internet of things, "fragmentation" is the main problem, including chips, sensors, communication protocols, application scenarios vary, "hills." Such as wireless communication standards, there are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, PLC, Z-Wave, RF, Thread, Z-Wave, NFC, UWB, LiFi, NB-IoT, LoRa and so on. Obviously, the technical solutions are not uniform and the architecture is inconsistent, which hinders the development of the Internet of Things and limits the scope of interconnection and interoperability.

<center>![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYpePHGZkppWKJ8V9WfkXjpT8zX6MB3yskYgBxR9sr6eq/image.png)</center>

However, various operating systems can support different hardware, communication standards, and application scenarios. Open source is good for breaking down technical barriers and barriers, improving interoperability and portability, reducing development costs, and engaging developers in the open source community.

So, for the development Internet of things concept of open source operating system, how much do we know ?


## What is an open source operating system?

Open source operating system (OSS) refers to the open source operating system software that follows the open source protocol for use, compilation, and redistribution. Under the premise of compliance with the relevant open source agreement, anyone can freely use, free to control the software's operation. The biggest feature of open source operating system is open source and free customization.

One of the most famous in the international open source operating system for the "Linux operating system", it is a general term for the computer operating system. The Linux operating system kernel name is also "Linux". The Linux operating system is also the best-known example of free software and open source development.

The history of open source operating systems is closely linked with GNU. The GNU program, started in 1983, is devoted to developing a free and complete Unix-like operating system that includes software development tools and a variety of applications. By the time the Linux kernel was released in 1991, GNU had almost completed the development of a variety of prerequisite software in addition to the system kernel. With the efforts of Linus Torvalds and other developers, GNU components can run on the Linux kernel. The entire kernel is based on the GNU General Public License, also known as the GNU General Public License (GPL), but the Linux kernel is not part of the GNU project. March 1994, Linux1.0 officially released, Marc Ewing founded Red Hat software company, becoming one of the most famous Linux distributors.

## Here are some of the benefits of open source operating systems:

Easy to understand: open-source operating system source code open, developers can easily understand the code to understand, access to relevant knowledge.
Open and transparent: Operating system vulnerabilities and defects are easier to expose, and code development and maintenance is also open.

* ### Customizable: 

Users can customize according to different hardware platforms and application scenarios.
Low cost: No commercial royalties, save the relevant development and management and human input costs.

* ### Sustainable: 

Even if the companies that were previously developed can not be supported for a variety of reasons, the system can continue to be maintained by relying on the participation of the majority of developers in the open source community.

* ### Brainstorming: 

Because open source operating system open, allowing more developers to participate in the development, focus more wisdom and ideas.

Here are ten classic Internet of Things operating system which are most popular.
<br>
### 1. Andorid Things

<div class=pull-left>https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1518022623/eun8aqjxmoldjijvzoyu.png</div>

Andorid Things, the Internet of Things launched by Google last week, is an updated version of the "Brillo" operating system launched last year as a branch of the Andorid system, similar to Andorid Wear for wearable and smart watches Is also a kind of Internet of things operating system).

It uses a communications protocol called Weave that connects devices to the cloud and interacts with services such as Google's helpers. Android Things is for all Java developers, no matter if developers have mobile development experience. The operating system will be able to support a wide range of computing platforms for IoT devices, including the Intel Edison platform, NXP's Pico platform, and BlackBerry 3.

### 2. Contiki

<center>![image.png](https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1518022773/hb122xdwbbwomnnzrcqd.png)</center>


Contiki, an open source, easily portable multitasking operating system for network-limited memory tasks. The author of the Contiki project is Dr. Adam Dunkels, Network Embedded Systems Group, Institute of Computer Science, Sweden.

The system requires only a few kilobytes or a few hundred bytes of memory to provide a multitasking operating system environment and TCP / IP support. It has been ported and successfully implemented on embedded microcontroller platforms (TI MSP430, Atmel AVR) and platforms such as PCs and game consoles. It supports full standard IPv6 and IPv4 protocols, as well as low-power networking standards: 6lowpan, RPL, CoAP.

### 3. eLinux

<div class=pull-left>http://maxembedded.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/linux-embedded.jpg</div>

eLinux, also known as Embedded Linux, is an embedded Linux operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is a cut-out version of Linux for embedded systems and supports a wider range of manufacturers, chips and products. The operating system wiki home page provides a series of related information such as development, hardware, products, manufacturers, community and so on.

### 4. FreeRTOS

<center>https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-z2BtjcTIGdo/We9BD7m4FmI/AAAAAAAAPIY/B-Gww66fx_Mkioyv-QXX8Wt4nxNdChK_wCLcBGAs/s1600/freertos.png</center>

FreeRTOS is a mini-real-time operating system kernel that includes functions such as task management, time management, semaphores, message queuing, memory management, logging, software timers, and coroutines to meet the needs of smaller systems.

FreeRTOS operating system is completely open source your operating system, with a source open, portable, scalable, scheduling strategy flexible features. Today, the operating system, deployed on millions of devices, is known as the "market-leading embedded real-time operating system" and provides a good solution for microcontrollers and microprocessors.

### 5. Mbed OS

<center>https://regmedia.co.uk/2014/10/01/mbed_os_server.png</center>

Developed by ARM, this operating system is designed for IoT devices running ARM processors. It includes a C ++ application network and the company also offers other development tools and related device servers.

By default, the mbed operating system is an event-driven single-threaded architecture, not a multithreaded (real-time operating system) environment. This ensures that it scales to the smallest, lowest cost, lowest power IoT device.

ARM has a strong market share in the mobile device side, so the strength and prospects of this operating system should not be underestimated.

### 6. Raspbian

<div class=pull-left>http://www.xappsoftware.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/raspbian_os.jpg</div>

Raspbian is an operating system based on Debian for Raspberry Pi hardware. The operating system includes a few columns of basic programs and tools to ensure the Raspberry Pi hardware is running.
<br>
<br>

### 7. RIOT

<center>![image.png](https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1518023718/muijkjcspu08w9xyoevx.png)</center>


RIOT, who calls itself a "friendly IoT operating system," is committed to developer friendliness, resource friendliness, and IoT friendliness. Key features include C / C ++ support, multithreading, energy efficiency, partial compliance with POSIX and more. The RIOT open source community has been in place since 2008. RIOT can run on a variety of platforms including embedded devices, PCs, sensors and more.

### 8. Ubuntu Core

<div class=pull-left>https://betanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/UbuntuCoreSnappyLinux.png</div>


Ubuntu is currently the most popular version of Linux, while Ubuntu Core is designed to bring Ubuntu to the Internet of Things. It can run, for example, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine, Amazon Elastic Cloud computing services, and can run on hardware such as BeagleBone Black and Raspberry Pi.

<br>
<br>

### 9. Huawei LiteOS

<div class=pull-left>https://internetofbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/huawei-iotos.jpg</div>

Huawei LiteOS is Huawei's "Unified IoT Operating System and Middleware Software Platform" for IoT. It has the key capabilities of lightweight (less than 10k cores), low power consumption, interoperability, and security. At present, Huawei LiteOS is mainly used in intelligent hardware such as smart home, wearable, car networking, smart meter reading, industrial internet and other IoT areas, as well as interoperability with the hardware in the LiteOS ecosystem to enhance the user experience.

Liteos operating system with the lowest energy consumption, small size, fast response and other characteristics, but also established an open source community, to support the chip such as Hisilicon's PLC chip HCT3911, media chip 3798M / C, IPCamera chip Hi3516A, and LTE-M chip .

### 10. Tizen

<center>https://www.iotgadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Open-Source-Tizen-Project-Samsung-3.jpg</center>

Tizen, the Linux Foundation, and the LiMo Foundation, jointly developed by Intel and Samsung Electronics, are open source operating systems that meet the needs of the IoT device ecosystem, including device manufacturers, handset operators, application developers, and independent software service providers ) Needs, used in mobile phones, television, wear and other products.

The underlying Tizen platform related APIs are exposed as HTML5 and will cover communications, multimedia, camera, web, community media and more. Samsung has already sold several products equipped with the operating system, is its largest backers.

## After Open source operating system, what problems are solved?

Connectivity: The operating system contributes to solving connectivity problems by integrating common networking stacks such as TCP / IP, ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi drivers and more.

The difference between intelligent hardware and identification: These two issues, it seems really nothing to do with the operating system, basically only for the same manufacturer's products "difference and identification" to provide partial help.

Communication and interoperability: The communication and interoperability between objects and things, the operating system is basically on the bustling, the same can only be used on the same vendor-specific development tools to provide specific applications to provide some help, its interoperability, the basic only Limited to the use of their development tools to develop intelligent hardware, and mainly between objects and people; interoperability between people and objects, support for remote desktops and webserver operating system can provide more complete help.

## summary

In the era of the Internet of Things, everyone is talking about the Internet of Things operating system, we want to analyze what is the core issue of the Internet of Things, the operating system for the Internet of Things, what can be done, what can not be done, how it affects the design of operating systems. Designing the operating system, to serve the Internet of Things applications, it is necessary to analyze and understand the problems facing the Internet of things, we must focus on solving the core issues, targeted, do not just follow the feeling go.

<center>**************</center>

***
**References for Text and Images:**
*  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/universal-operating-systems-future-devices-chandan-mondal-ceh-jncia-
*  https://matterhornsolutions.ca/computer-operating-systems/
*  http://aniszczyk.org/2015/03/02/fyi-open-source-initiative-opensourceorg/
*  https://www.nginx.com/blog/nginx-supports-9th-annual-future-open-source-survey/
*  http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news/ict/3361-open-source-os-will-open-source-operating-systems-threaten-windows%E2%80%99-stronghold
*  https://betanews.com/2014/11/12/microsoft-makes-net-open-source-brings-it-to-linux-and-os-x/
*  http://www.pcquest.com/why-2017-will-bring-cheer-for-open-source-enthusiasts/
***
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