Da Vinci Times #16.2 by davinci.times

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Da Vinci Times #16.2
## <center>Junk DNA and embryonic development</center><br>

<div class = "text-justify">A group of researchers has discovered that a particular "junk" gene is fundamental for the embryonic development of mice, because allows it to develop beyond the stage in which only two cells are present.</div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/10/59/dna-163710_960_720.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://pixabay.com/it/dna-biologia-scienza-elica-dna-163710/)</sub></center>

<div class = "text-justify">Junk DNA are stretches of DNA that do not contain information useful for the production of proteins. For a long time the scientists believed that they were necessary to prevent the degradation of genetic traits that are really useful for life. In recent years it has been discovered that more and more stretches of junk DNA are fundamental for the functioning of the organism. The latest discovery concerns the development of mouse embryos, for which the LINE 1 gene is fundamental. It is a transposon, that is a stretch of DNA able to move inside the genome. The presence of this gene favors the production of ribosomes, the place where are built the proteins fundamental for the embryonic development. Due to the genetic similarity between man and mouse, it can not be excluded that this mechanism is also present in the human species.</div>

</div>

<center>[Article source](https://www.sciencenews.org/article/junk-gene-may-be-important-embryo-development)</center>

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## <center>A step forward towards the invisibility cloak</center><br>

<div class = "text-justify">Thanks to new devices able to manipulate light with extreme precision, it was possible to make an object affected by natural light, invisible. The study was carried out by a group of Canadian researchers.

</div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/05/05/17/21/bulb-2287759_960_720.jpg<sub> 
Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://pixabay.com/it/lampadina-luce-energia-strand-2287759/)</sub></center>

<div class="text-justify">Make an object invisible is not easy. In the past were created some devices that can make invisible an object, but they work only at specific wavelengths, ie for specific colors. White light contains all visible colors, which behave differently from each other when they meet the various types of material. Now this obstacle has been overcome, thanks to a device able to manipulate the whole visible spectrum. In theory it could work in real light conditions, but researchers are still cautious, arguing that there is still a lot of work to be done. Although the invisibility cloak is still a futuristic object, such a high capacity to manipulate light could be very useful for the design of the optical fibers of the future. 

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<center>[Article source](http://www.lescienze.it/news/2018/07/03/news/mantello_invisibile_spettrale-4035737/)</center>

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</div>

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## <center>The sense of danger</center><br><br>

<div class="text-justify">A new research published on Science shows how feelings related to emergency situations continue to occur even at the end of the emergency itself, keeping the degree of response to danger high.</div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/02/05/18/14/fear-of-heights-2040805_960_720.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/02/05/18/14/fear-of-heights-2040805_960_720.jpg)</sub></center>

<div class="text-justify">The research derives from the observation that, despite the decrease in the world of many social tensions, people continue to perceive a general sense of danger and difficulty, despite the stimulus is progressively vanishing. This neurological alteration is probably due to the fact that, especially in the past, after a first episode of emergency, it could be useful to maintain a high degree of tension, in order to be ready for a possible reiteration.</div>

<center>[Article source](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6396/1465)</center>

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## <center>Post of the day</center>

<center>[What do we see when we close our eyes?](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@ideas-abstractas/what-do-we-see-when-we-close-our-eyes-642c38bcd6edcest) by @ideas-abstractas</center>

<div class=pull-left>

<center>https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5445/9343512253_758ae80d26_b.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC BY 2.0 - [Source](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@ideas-abstractas/what-do-we-see-when-we-close-our-eyes-642c38bcd6edcest)</sub></center>

</div>

<div class=pull-right><br><br><br>

<div class="text-justify">If someone asks us what we see when we close our eyes, we would probably answer"nothing"  without hesitating. @ideas-abstractas talks about what actually happens, from a practical point of view, a biological and psychological one.

</div>

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## <center>Keep in mind that for organizational reasons it’s necessary to use “steemstem” and “davinci-times” tags to be voted.</center>
<center>Greetings from the team @davinci.times: 
@viki.veg - @spaghettiscience - @rscalabrini</center>

<center><sub>Version optimized for Steemit</sub></center>

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## <center>DNA spazzatura e sviluppo embrionale</center><br>

<div class = "text-justify">Un gruppo di ricercatori ha scoperto che un particolare gene “spazzatura” è fondamentale per lo sviluppo embrionale del topo, perchè permette consente di svilupparsi oltre lo stadio in cui sono presenti solamente due cellule.</div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/10/59/dna-163710_960_720.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://pixabay.com/it/dna-biologia-scienza-elica-dna-163710/)</sub></center>

<div class = "text-justify">Il junk DNA, o DNA spazzatura, sono dei tratti di DNA che non contengono informazioni utili per la produzione di proteine. Per molto tempo si è pensato che servissero per evitare la degradazione dei tratti di codice genetico veramente utili alla vita. Negli ultimi anni si è scoperto che sempre più tratti di DNA spazzatura sono in realtà fondamentali per il funzionamento dell’organismo. L’ultima scoperta riguarda lo sviluppo degli embrioni di topo, per il cui sviluppo è fondamentale il gene LINE 1. È un trasposone, ovvero un tratto di DNA in grado di spostarsi al’interno del genoma. La presenza di questo gene favorisce la produzione di ribosomi, ovvero dei centri in cui vengono assemblate le proteine fondamentali per lo sviluppo embrionale. Vista la somiglianza genetica tra uomo e topo, non è da escludere che questo meccanismo sia presente anche nella specie umana.   </div>

</div>

<center>[Article source](https://www.sciencenews.org/article/junk-gene-may-be-important-embryo-development)</center>

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<div class=pull-left>

## <center>Un passo avanti verso il mantello dell’invisibilità</center><br>

<div class = "text-justify">Grazie a nuovi dispositivi in grado di manipolare la luce con estrema precisione, è stato possibile rendere invisibile un oggetto colpito dalla luce naturale. Lo studio è stato svolto da un gruppo di ricercatori canadesi. </div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/05/05/17/21/bulb-2287759_960_720.jpg<sub> 
Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://pixabay.com/it/lampadina-luce-energia-strand-2287759/)</sub></center>

<div class="text-justify">Rendere invisibile un oggetto non è facile. Gli strumenti per farlo esistono da qualche anno, ma funzionano solo a specifiche lunghezze d’onda, ossia per specifici colori. La luce bianca contiene tutti i colori visibili, che si comportano in modo diverso l’uno dall’altro quando incontrano i vari tipi di materiale. Adesso questo ostacolo è stato superato grazie a un dispositivo in grado di manipolare tutto lo spettro del visibile. In linea teorica potrebbe funzionare in condizioni di luce reali, ma i ricercatori sono ancora cauti, sostenendo che c’è ancora molto lavoro da fare. Nonostante il mantello dell’invisibilità sia ancora un oggetto futuristico, una capacità così elevata di manipolare la luce potrebbe rivelarsi molto utile per la progettazione delle fibre ottiche del futuro.</div>

<div>

<center>[Article source](http://www.lescienze.it/news/2018/07/03/news/mantello_invisibile_spettrale-4035737/)</center>

</div>

</div>

<div class=pull-right>

## <center>Il senso del pericolo</center><br><br>

<div class="text-justify">Una ricerca pubblicata su Science mostra come i sentimenti legati alle situazioni di emergenza continuano a manifestarsi anche al termine dell’emergenza stessa, mantenendo alto il grado di risposta al pericolo.</div>

<center>https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/02/05/18/14/fear-of-heights-2040805_960_720.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC0 Creative Commons - [Source](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/02/05/18/14/fear-of-heights-2040805_960_720.jpg)</sub></center>

<div class="text-justify">La ricerca nasce dalla constatazione che, nonostante il diminuire nel mondo di diverse tensioni sociali, le persone continuano a percepire un generale senso di pericolo e di difficoltà, nonostante lo stimolo che lo abbia causato svanisca progressivamente. Questa alterazione neurologica è probabilmente dovuta al fatto che, soprattutto in passato, poteva essere utile, dopo un primo episodio di emergenza, mantenere alto il grado di tensione, al fine di essere pronti per una eventuale reiterazione.</div>

<center>[Article source](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6396/1465)</center>

</div>

</div>

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## <center>Post del giorno</center>

<center>[What do we see when we close our eyes?](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@ideas-abstractas/what-do-we-see-when-we-close-our-eyes-642c38bcd6edcest) by @ideas-abstractas</center>

<div class=pull-left>

<center>https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5445/9343512253_758ae80d26_b.jpg
<sub>Imagine CC BY 2.0 - [Source](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@ideas-abstractas/what-do-we-see-when-we-close-our-eyes-642c38bcd6edcest)</sub></center>

</div>

<div class=pull-right><br><br><br>

<div class="text-justify">Se qualcuno ci chiedesse cosa vediamo quando chiudiamo gli occhi, probabilmente risponderemmo senza esitare “nulla”. @ideas-abstractas però, ci parla di quello che accade realmente dal punto di vista pratico, da quello biologico e da quello psicologico.

</div>

</div>

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<center>Saluti dal team @davinci.times: 
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@a-a-a ·
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# upvote for me please? https://steemit.com/news/@bible.com/2sysip
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@qiyi ·
I worked with satellite DNA in the early 1980's when it was considered "junk DNA."  That made it even more challenging to get federal funding. We were among the first to discover changes in short repeat numbers (microsatellites) were sites of sequence variations.
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@steemstem ·
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