对早期 NFT 的发展有巨大的推动 by huaren.news

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对早期 NFT 的发展有巨大的推动
 
 CryptoKitties 的传播可以归结为:

投机机制
CryptoKitties 的繁殖和交易机制带来了一条清晰的获利途径:买下一对猫,繁殖出更稀有的猫,再卖掉猫,重复(或者干脆买下一只稀有猫,希望有人会来买)。这促进了_繁殖者社区_(那些致力于繁殖和倒卖稀有猫咪的用户)的发展:。只要有新的玩家加入,价格就会上升。

在狂热的高峰期,CryptoKitties 的成交量接近 5000ETH,其中 18 号创世猫的售价为 253ETH(时价 11 万美元)。这一价格后来被以 600ETH 售出的一只叫 Dragon 的猫咪  所超越,时价 17 万美元(2018 年 9 月),尽管许多人猜测 Dragon 的出售是非法的 。这些高价吸引了更多的用户进入淘金热。

故事有毒
CryptoKitties 成功的另一个因素是故事 。CryptoKitties 是可爱的、可分享的、有趣的,然而购买一只 1000 美元的数字猫的想法是荒谬的,这就成为了一个很好的新闻故事。此外,智能合约的用户玩坏了以太坊,这本身就又是一个故事。由于以太坊一次只能处理有限数量的交易 (大约 15 个交易 / 秒),网络上更高的吞吐量导致了待处理交易池的增长和交易成本上涨。日均待处理交易从 1500 个交易上升到 11000 个交易。新的潜在猫咪买家正在支付天文数字的费用,并连续数小时等待他们的交易被确认。

这些因素导致了 “CryptoKitty 泡沫”:新的玩家不断涌进 CryptoKitty 世界,价格上涨,以及价格上涨带来的新玩家。当然,所有泡沫终将破灭。12 月初,猫咪的平均价格开始下降,成交量也在下降。许多人意识到,相对于 " 真正的游戏 ",CryptoKitties 的玩法很原始,除了投机者之外,不会有更多的参与。一旦新鲜感消失,市场就会受到影响。今天,CryptoKitties 每周只有大约 50 个 ETH 的交易量。


NFTs 的历史(2017 - 2020)
现在我们了解了什么是 NFTs 以及如何构建它们,接下来我们再深入去了解它们是如何产生的。

在 CryptoKitties 之前
原始的 NFT 是在比特币网络上出现的 colored coins。Rare Pepes 是第一批建立在比特币交易系统上的青蛙 Pepe 的插图。其中一些在 eBay 上出售 ,还有一套 Rare Pepes 后来在纽约的现场拍卖中售出 。

以太坊上的第一个 NFT 是 CryptoPunks,它包含 10000 个不同的可收藏朋克,每个朋克都是独一无二的。CryptoPunks 由 Larva Labs 创建,它可以应用于交易市场,可以在像 MetaMask 这样的钱包上使用,从而降低了人们进入 NFTs 的门槛。如今,由于其数量有限,以及在早期社区中强大的品牌力量,CryptoPunks 可能是作为真正的数字古董最好的选择。此外,由于在以太坊网络上,CryptoPunks 可以与交易市场或者钱包交互(CryptoPunks 早于 ERC721,在交互方面比使用 ERC721 的新资产还是稍差一点) 

CryptoKitties 的诞生
CryptoKitties 是第一个将 NFT 推向主流的项目,于 2017 年底在 ETH 滑铁卢黑客马拉松上推出,它是一个原始的链上游戏,玩家通过繁殖来产生新的具有不同稀有属性的数字猫咪。“第 0 代”的创世猫咪以荷兰式拍卖  的方式出售,其他代的猫咪也可以在二级市场上出售。

虽然游戏界的一些人后来给 CryptoKitties 贴上了 “不是真正的游戏 ”的标签,但实际上,由于区块链的设计限制,CryptoKitties 团队为在设计链上游戏机制方面做了相当多。首先,他们建立了一个链上繁殖算法,隐藏在一个不开源的智能合约中,这个算法决定了一只猫的遗传密码(也就是它的 “属性”)。CryptoKitties 团队还设计了一个复杂的激励系统  来确保繁殖的随机性,并有先见之明地保留了某些低 ID 的猫咪,以便之后作为促销工具使用。最后,他们还创建了荷兰拍卖合约,后来成为 NFT 的主要价格发现机制之一。CryptoKitties 团队的非凡远见对早期 NFT 的发展有巨大的推动。 

# 本帖steem首发
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