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<p>Hi esteemit!</p>
<p>Photosynthesis is a process by which plants produce organic substances from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll (capture of solar energy). The process of photosynthesis as such, was discovered by scientists more than 200 years ago. Joseph Priestly (British chemist, physicist and theologian) published in 1772 a work that refers to the role of vegetation scrubber in nature: "By these discoveries we are sure that vegetables do not grow in vain but clean and purify our atmosphere" .</p>
<p><img src="https://ssec.si.edu/sites/default/files/Photosynthesis_0.png" width="575" height="421"/></p>
<p><a href="https://ssec.si.edu/sites/default/files/Photosynthesis_0.png">Source</a></p>
<h1>photosynthesis</h1>
<p>Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process by virtue of which organisms with chlorophyll, such as green plants, algae and some bacteria, capture energy in the form of light and transform it into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is done in two stages: a series of reactions that depend on light and are independent of temperature, and another series that depend on temperature and are independent of light.</p>
<h2>Which organisms carry out this process</h2>
<p>The plants "algae and certain bacteria are the organisms that can realist this process. This type of organism is called autotrophs" organisms that can produce their own food from inorganic raw materials "and therefore do not depend on other organisms to your nutrition</p>
<p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Colpfl27a.jpg/200px-Colpfl27a.jpg" width="200" height="267"/></p>
<p><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Colpfl27a.jpg/200px-Colpfl27a.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h2>Phases of photosynthesis</h2>
<h3> Primary or luminous phase</h3>
<p>The light phase of photosynthesis is a stage in which chemical reactions take place with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is an organic compound, made up of molecules that contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and magnesium. These elements are organized in a special structure: the magnesium atom is located in the center surrounded by all the other atoms.</p>
<p><img src="https://sensiseeds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2-Photosynthesis-The-Light-Phase-infographic_light_EN.jpg" width="2409" height="2137"/></p>
<p><a href="https://sensiseeds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2-Photosynthesis-The-Light-Phase-infographic_light_EN.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h3>Dark or secondary phase</h3>
<p>The dark phase of photosynthesis is a stage in which light is not needed, although it is also done in its presence. It occurs in chloroplasts and depends directly on the products obtained in the light phase. In this phase, the hydrogen formed in the previous phase to the gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) present in the air, resulting in the production of organic compounds, mainly carbohydrates; That is, the molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. This process forms glucose, after the formation of glucose, a sequence of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of starch and several carbohydrates.</p>
<p><img src="https://sensiseeds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Photosynthesis-dark-phase-Sensi-Seeds-Blog.jpg" width="4096" height="2160"/></p>
<p><a href="https://sensiseeds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Photosynthesis-dark-phase-Sensi-Seeds-Blog.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h2>What organ it carries out and what structure it has</h2>
<p>the chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells and very simple organisms. as algae and protozoa. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls inside the chloroplasts, you can see the thylakoids.</p>
<p>several thylakoids resemble piles of coins "all the piles are surrounded by a gelatinous substance called stromata</p>
<p><img src="https://html2-f.scribdassets.com/73sbe144cg4gm6gp/images/2-d0ab470ac7.jpg" width="270" height="203"/></p>
<p><a href="https://html2-f.scribdassets.com/73sbe144cg4gm6gp/images/2-d0ab470ac7.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h3>Importance of the water molecule</h3>
<p>It is absorbed by the roots and is the solvent that transports the mineral salts inside the plant. The electrons in water are used to replenish the electrons that are released from chlorophyll during the light phase. The protons serve to form a chemosmotic gradient for the formation of ATP. The oxygen atom joins another from another molecule of water, to form the molecular oxygen that is released into the atmosphere and forms the oxygen we breathe.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Chaplin2/publication/6835267/figure/fig4/AS:267822517452830@1440865272739/Figure-3-The-importance-of-water-in-protein-structurea-A-cluster-of-water-molecules.png" width="555" height="333"/></p>
<p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin_Chaplin2/publication/6835267/figure/fig4/AS:267822517452830@1440865272739/Figure-3-The-importance-of-water-in-protein-structurea-A-cluster-of-water-molecules.png">Source</a></p>
<h3>Oxygen cycle in photosynthesis</h3>
<p>CO2 is an important gas in the greenhouse effect. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is controlled by the carbon cycle. Now, I'm going to talk about this cycle in detail. They have probably studied the cycle, but perhaps not the geological component.</p>
<blockquote>The first component of the carbon cycle is the photosynthesis and respiration of plants:</blockquote>
<h2>CO2 + H2O + energy Β«CH2O (carbohydrate) + O2</h2>
<p><br></p>
<p>During the day, plants use the Sun's energy to convert the CO2 from the atmosphere plus water to carbohydrate and oxygen. This process is photosynthesis. During the night, they do the opposite, it's called breathing. They use carbohydrate plus oxygen to produce energy when there is no sun. This is what humans and animals do all the time.</p>
<p><img src="https://sites.google.com/site/charlessaharadesert/_/rsrc/1347380631962/carbon-and-oxygen-cycle/carbon%20cycle.jpg.1347380631618.jpg" width="540" height="417"/></p>
<p><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/charlessaharadesert/_/rsrc/1347380631962/carbon-and-oxygen-cycle/carbon%20cycle.jpg.1347380631618.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h2>Factors that influence Photosynthesis</h2>
<p>There are some factors that influence the effectiveness of photosynthesis, that is, that positively or negatively affect the production of glucose in a plant. </p>
<blockquote>These factors are:</blockquote>
<ol>
<li> <strong>Luminous intensity</strong>: it is a factor that affects photosynthesis, since the photosynthetic rate increases progressively as the light intensity increases, until reaching a constant value.</li>
<li><strong> Temperature</strong>: The photosynthetic rate also increases as the temperature increases. In addition, cellular respiration is increased when glucose is used. The process is efficient between 10oC and 35oC</li>
<li> <strong>Water availability and CO2 concentration</strong>: They are also factors that affect photosynthesis because the constant water consumption benefits the absorption of carbon dioxide, through the opening of stomata.</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="http://biology-igcse.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/0/7/15070316/3986379_orig.jpg" width="633" height="219"/></p>
<p><a href="http://biology-igcse.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/0/7/15070316/3986379_orig.jpg">Source</a></p>
<h2>Importance of photosynthesis for life</h2>
<p>Man depends more directly on photosynthesis than other animals, plants and animals use oxygen with a unique mission of subsistence while man not only needs photosynthesis to exist, but the growing demand for food, Increased needs make us depend on a greater amount of oxygen and therefore photosynthesis. Of all the species, human beings are the ones that demand the most energy, paradoxically, those that most harm the environment, affecting the process of photosynthesis. According to the World Health Organization, air quality has decreased rapidly in the last 20 years, means that environmental pollution is overcoming the photosynthetic process and the air is less and less clean. The environmental NGO Greenpeace recently warned that water pollution is the main factor that harms photosynthesis, although rainwater returns to the earth's surface quite clean, studies have revealed the presence of lead in the water, this due to increasing pollution of water sources.</p>
<blockquote>Human beings must be aware of the damage that is done to the environment with deforestation, but it is not only external damage, it is about life itself, while fewer trees and plants in general exist, less chance of clean oxygen we will have. Photosynthesis is an extraordinary process of nature that allows the life of the Earth, an incentive more than enough to encourage reforestation and the preservation of the environment.</blockquote>
<p>Greeting!</p>
<ul>
<li>Source</li>
<li><a href="https://www.portaleducativo.net/primero-medio/43/factores-influyen-fotosintesis">https://www.portaleducativo.net/primero-medio/43/factores-influyen-fotosintesis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.academia.edu/12330394/IMPORTANCIA_DE_LA_FOTOS%C3%8DNTESIS_PARA_LOS_SERES_VIVOS_Y_EL_AMBIENTE">http://www.academia.edu/12330394/IMPORTANCIA_DE_LA_FOTOS%C3%8DNTESIS_PARA_LOS_SERES_VIVOS_Y_EL_AMBIENTE</a></li>
<li><a href="https://es.slideshare.net/SpringFall_/la-fotosntesis-y-sus-fases">https://es.slideshare.net/SpringFall_/la-fotosntesis-y-sus-fases</a></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
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