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Plants need at least 20 nutrients to sustain their life, of which 16 are taken from the soil. Nutrients are not required in equal proportions; Some need more and some need less. But everything is vital for sustaining life. The 11 nutrients that plants consume in small amounts are called malnutrition. Boron is a miconutrient or malnutrition. It is not very active in soil and plant bodies. In the soil it remains as borate and borate silicate mineral. The average amount of total boron in the topsoil is usually 10 ppm, but the amount of boron available is much less than 1 ppm. The critical level of boron available in soil is 0.20 ppm and the best level of boron in any soil is 0.45-0.80 ppm. If the amount of boron in the cell tissue of the plant is usually 20-100 ppm, if the amount is less than 15 ppm, there is a deficiency and if it is more than 100 ppm, toxicity can occur.
 

Boron deficiency in the soil of Bangladesh
Our country has been experiencing boron deficiency in various soils and crops since the nineties. Due to intensive agriculture, the amount of boron extracted from the soil by the boron plant, depletion of organic matter in the soil, uneven application of fertilizers, and chewing have reduced the amount of boron in the soil and the symptoms of deficiency are intensifying. If the reaction of the soil is more acidic then boron deficiency is also found in more alkaline soils. Boron availability is better if soil reaction or pH is between 5.0-6.0.
 

About 47% of the land in Bangladesh has boron deficiency. Of the 30 agro-environmental zones in the country, 19 have more or less boron deficiency. Boron deficiency is especially evident in Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogra, Sirajganj, Comilla and Sylhet districts. Moreover, boron deficiency is observed in Barind region of Rajshahi, parts of Gazipur, Tangail and Dhaka, hilly areas of hilly Chittagong, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Habiganj and Moulvibazar districts and parts of Brahmanbaria and Habiganj districts. Rabi grains are sensitive to wheat, maize, mustard, mugdal, gram, sunflower, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, potato, boron. Moreover, fruit trees like papaya, jackfruit, guava, lemon etc. have been found to be deficient in boron. Boron sensitivity usually depends on the class and variety of the crop. If boron is applied in rabi grains, it can be applied even if it is not applied in the next paddy crop, but in sandy main soil, boron is required in every crop. Apply boron fertilizer on the basis of soil test.
 

Boron plant sugars help in digestion and play a role in the synthesis of meat. Plant divisions play an important role in the formation of tissues, growing parts and cell walls. Helps in the absorption of calcium and nitrogen. In addition to fertilizing flower eggs, boron is essential for fruit and seed retention.
Symptoms of boron deficiency
As boron is immobile, its deficiency symptoms are usually seen on young leaves. There are different types of boron deficiency in different crops and fruits. However, the deficit symptoms are-
01. The top of the tree stem dries out or dies;
02. The leaves are slightly yellowish and sometimes take on a leaf-wrapped shape and exhibit fragility;
03. Even after adequate irrigation of the tree, the leaves remain in a state of decay;
04. When the boron deficiency is severe, the ears of wheat, the corn cobs do not form grains, and the flowering pollination process is disrupted;
05. In pulses the number of grains is less and the grains are malnourished. Trees may become stunted and yellow; Acute deficiency can lead to gastrointestinal ulcers;
07. The number of seeds in the pods of oily crops decreases;
07. Sugarcane leaves show signs of burning at the top and corners.
07. Papaya, jackfruit, guava fruit shape is distorted;
09. Cauliflower and cabbage leaves lose vitality and feel crunchy when touched. Cauliflower is discolored and spoiled;
10. When the deficiency is severe, in some cases the growth of tree roots slows down and flower retention decreases.