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Pepper is an important cash crop. In our country, pepper is mainly known as spice crop. It is in high demand both raw and cooked. Nutritious raw peppers are rich in vitamins A and C. Pepper is an essential ingredient in everyday cooking to bring variety in color, taste and flavor. In our country, it is not possible to think of cooking any vegetable without pepper. There is also a lot of demand for chili sauce to enhance the taste of different foods. Moreover, it also has medicinal properties. It is cultivated in almost all regions. However, pepper production is higher in the char areas. Pepper is considered as the main agricultural crop in different char areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, pepper is cultivated on a commercial basis in North Bengal and Chittagong. According to a statistic, a total of 1.02 lakh hectares of land is cultivated and produced 1.03 lakh MT (dried chilli) during Rabi and Kharif seasons in this country. Average yield 1.28 tons / ha. (Dried pepper). Many farmers in Bangladesh make a living by producing only pepper. Two types of pepper are cultivated in Bangladesh. Namely less salty or unsalted and salted pepper. Spicy peppers are used in pickles, green vegetables and salads. Salted pepper is mainly used as the main spice. It is slender and long. Pepper is bitter for a chemical called capsaicin and bright and red for a pigment called capsaicin.
Introduction to different varieties of pepper
There are many local varieties of chillies, farmers choose varieties based on the market demand and the yield of local varieties. However, the Spice Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute has developed high yielding varieties resistant to diseases and insects called Bari Marich-1 (Bangla Lanka), Bari Marich-2 and Bari Marich-3 which are available in different parts of the country (Magura, Faridpur, Bogra, Rangpur, Gaibandha). , Comilla, Rajshahi, Nilphamari, Domar, Panchagarh, Pabna, Jamalpur and Lalmonirhat) as well as local varieties are widely cultivated throughout the year. There are also various hybrid pepper seeds available in the country under the names of Jhilik, Bijli etc.
Characteristics of Barry Pepper-2 invented by Spice Research
The tree is tall, bushy and has many branches. The tree is 80-110 cm in length. And the color of the leaves is light green. The length of each pepper fruit is 6.0-8.5 cm. And 0.6-1.0 cm in diameter, weighing an average of 2.5 g, 1000 seeds weighing 4.5 g, the number of peppers per plant is 450-500 and the weight is up to 1100-1200 g. The skin of this variety of pepper is full, it is suitable for summer cultivation but can be cultivated all year round. This variety stays in the field for 240 days (March-October). Diseases and insect attacks are relatively low. The fruits are light green when young and bright red when ripe. Yield is 20-22 tons per hectare in green condition.
Production technology
Soil and weather
Pepper grows well in warm and humid climates. Generally 20 degree centigrade to 25 degree centigrade temperature is suitable for pepper cultivation. A minimum temperature of 10 ্টি C and a maximum temperature of 35 সেন C can cause various problems in the growth of chilli plants. Excessive rainfall causes the leaves to fall off and the tree to rot. Pepper can be cultivated in sandy-loam to clay-loam soils with drainage facilities. However, organic matter rich loam or silt loam is better for cultivation. If the soil is too wet, flowers and fruits fall off. If the soil thickness is 7-8, the yield of chilli is good.
Land ready
For winter chillies, the extra part of the aisle has to be cut around the land first. Then 4-6 more tractors should be given deep cultivation. Before the last cultivation in the land, weeds should be selected once with a ladder. The soil should be broken down and leveled. Organic and chemical fertilizers should be applied before the last cultivation to prepare the land. Then you have to make the bed. It is better if the bed is 1 meter wide. However, the length is better according to the size of the land. Bed height 10-15 cm. Is to be. As well as 50 cm between the two beds. Wide and 10 cm. Deep drains have to be kept for irrigation and drainage.