First gravitational waves of neutron star collision by n3bul4

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First gravitational waves of neutron star collision
# <center>Astronomers detect radiation and space-time shocks from one source</center>

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**New milestone in gravitational wave astronomy: For the first time astronomers have captured gravitational waves from the collision of two neutron stars. In this explosive event, electromagnetic radiation was observed by telescopes all over the world. For the first time, it has been possible to detect gravitational waves from a source other than black holes - and to see and "listen" to them at the same time.**

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<center>![gravitationalwaves.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmedpc4gCyCZRA1LtHtsQHcB3HXdxxaTb2dvu2q5BW9c9a/gravitationalwaves.jpg)<br><code>When two neutron stars collide, they emit both gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation - both have now been detected by astronomers for the first time. © Robin Dienel / Carnegie Institution for Science</code></center>

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The founding fathers of the [LIGO collaboration](http://www.ligo.org/) have just received the Nobel Prize in physics for the detection of gravitational waves, as the next sensation follows. All four gravitational wave events detected so far were from two fusing black holes. The theory, however, predicts that other energetic events, such as the collision of neutron stars or even a violent Supernova, would have to trigger such shocks of space-time.

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### Collision of two neutron stars

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Now, the astronomers have achieved exactly this proof: For the first time, they have also recorded electromagnetic radiation at the source of a gravitational wave event - and this almost in the complete spectrum from UV visible light and infrared to radio waves. The type of radiation and the form of the gravitational waves indicate that the explosive collision of two neutron stars has emitted these signals.

>This is the first clear proof of a fusion of two neutron stars, says Dale Frail of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). 

The [GW170817](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW170817) baptized collision took place about 130 million light years away from us. The resulting vibrations of space-time reached the earth on 17th August 2017 and thus also the LIGO detectors.

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### Bright point of light at near galaxy

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<div class="pull-right">

<center>![swopeimage.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRK35KtqrspQA5c7riAQxFhkE4kEq2NJeAiamEHrQuQmw/swopeimage.jpg)</center><code>Image of the light spot at the location of the neutron collision taken by the Swope telescope © Las Campanas Observatory / Yuri Beletsky</code>

</div>

When the LIGO astronomers saw the signals, they immediately alerted a whole network of observers and asked them to look for striking radiation pulses from the origin area of ​​the gravitational waves. This was possible because the gravitational waves were detected by the two LIGO detectors in the USA as well as by Virgo in Italy. This only made it possible to define the area of ​​origin more precisely.

Only eleven hours later, astronomers made a finding at the Swope Telescope in Chile: 

>We saw a bright bluish light source in a nearby galaxy, says Josh Simon from the Carnegie Institution. It was definitely an exciting moment. 

Because this suddenly illuminating light spot in the constellation Hydra lay exactly where the gravitational waves came from - and it indicated that this time something other than black holes were the cause.

https://youtu.be/Qavq6_8LtXM

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### Seeing and listening at the same time

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Shortly afterwards, the [Swift](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/main) and [NuSTAR](https://www.nustar.caltech.edu/) space telescopes had also found the source of radiation and recorded strong X-ray and UV radiation. However, this eclipsed again two days after the arrival of the gravitational waves. On the other hand, the afterglow in the optical, infrared and radio range has been maintained for a long time. For days and weeks the radiant consequences of the neutron-star collision could be followed.

>The story we are observing here is more complete than any other event in astronomy history, says Gregg Hallinan of the California Institute of Technology. With the information that provides both the gravitational waves and the electromagnetic radiation, we can both hear and see the same event for the first time.

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### Unlike all known cosmic explosions

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Even the first evaluations of the various observations reveal a lot about the catastrophic collision. Accordingly, during the fusion of the two neutron stars, material was thrown into space at an extremely high rate. The gas and materiel of the explosion probably expanded with about 30 percent of light speed - and thus much faster than a Supernova.

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<center>![uv-radioetc.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbiLfncrFG5ceaT1qmocecW7EeK7GaJTjbSpHG5E3nMyw/uv-radioetc.jpg)<br><code>Recording of the event in the UV, infrared and radio range. © Robert Hurt (Caltech), Mansi Kasliwal (Caltech), Gregg Hallinan (Caltech), Phil Evans (NASA) and the GROWTH collaboration</code></center>

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From the data of the space telescopes, the researchers determined that the two neutron stars were probably orbiting in an angle tilted 30 degrees from our line of sight before they collided. The radiation emitted in this case did not resemble either a Supernova, a gamma ray or other known astronomical event.

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Source: [Carnegie Institution](https://carnegiescience.edu/news/new-era-astronomy-begins-first-observation-neutron-star-merger)

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<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmRhDtjokAZnGKi4QwheqksKTFo6m4fsjMYsNNrsitC1xk/U5dsnt2Y19qmNJ6S4rHWGSU4yi4wucH.gif</center>
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