Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology by phage93

View this thread on steempeak.com
· @phage93 ·
$5.07
Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology
<div style="text-align: justify; ">Ben ritrovati ragazzi, era già da un po’ che non riuscivo a mettere mano su di un post dedicato alle mie belle api.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Welcome back guys, I had been able to put my hand on a post for my beautiful bees for some time.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478147/dbphl3qurd2oy5xkmkzy.png" data-filename="dbphl3qurd2oy5xkmkzy" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Source Serif Pro&quot;, serif; font-size: 14.4px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; Image&nbsp;</span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="noopener" title="This link will take you away from steemit.com" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(31, 191, 143); line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; font-family: &quot;Source Serif Pro&quot;, serif; font-size: 14.4px;">CC by 4.0&nbsp;</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Source Serif Pro&quot;, serif; font-size: 14.4px;">Courtesy of&nbsp;</span><a href="https://steemit.com/@pab.ink" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(31, 191, 143); line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; font-family: &quot;Source Serif Pro&quot;, serif; font-size: 14.4px;">@pab.ink</a><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><table class="table table-bordered" style="width: 510px;"><tbody></tbody></table><div></div></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Eccoci quindi oggi ad osservare un po più da vicino questo straordinario insetto, grazie anche all'aiuto del nostro amico <a href="https://steemit.com/@pab.ink" target="_blank">@pab.ink</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Poterle osservare da vicino, dopo aver trascorso tanto tempo insieme ad esse, era ormai un grande desiderio. Quindi, una volta armato di stereoscopio, ho iniziato ad approfondire quella che era la morfologia e a tratti l’anatomia di questi piccoli esserini.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Ho ovviamente sezionato solo ed esclusivamente api già morte, cercando però quelle dall'aspetto ancora idratato.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">So here we are today to observe a little more closely this extraordinary insect, thanks also to the help of our friend <a href="https://steemit.com/@pab.ink" target="_blank">@pab.ink</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Being able to observe them closely, after having spent so much time with them, was a great desire. So once I was armed with a stereoscope, I started to go deeper into what was the morphology and the anatomy of these little creatures.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Obviously I have only dissected bees already dead, but looking for the ones that were still hydrated.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478257/ato9ricfohb5nz43zl7a.jpg" data-filename="ato9ricfohb5nz43zl7a" style="width: 527.5px;">

</div><div style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br></div><div>Partiamo quindi con l'esplorazione!<br></div><div>Let's start with the exploration!<br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478305/yieifnxkr4wtanaqob3o.jpg" data-filename="yieifnxkr4wtanaqob3o" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Iniziamo con il capo: di aspetto triangolare è sede degli occhi, ocelli, antenne e apparato boccale. Oltre ad essere la sede principale dei sensi dell'ape, il capo esercita una funzione molto importante di termoregolazione del corpo, azione molto importante visto lo stretto legame tra la funzione muscolare e la temperatura interna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Proprio grazie al capo, infatti, l'ape è in grado di aumentare o diminuire la propria temperatura corporea utilizzandolo, nel momento del bisogno, come fonte di calore o, viceversa, come mezzo di dispersione.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Let’s start with the head, of triangular shape is the seat of the eyes, eyespot, antennae and buccal apparatus. Besides being the main site of the bee's senses, the head has a very important function of thermoregulation inside the body, an important action because there is a close link between muscle function and internal temperature.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Thanks to the head, in fact, the bee is able to increase or decrease its body temperature by using it as a source of heat in the moment of need or vice versa, as a source of dispersion.</div><div><br></div><div>Apparato boccale</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478337/rjnux4vbju6zhxhtzw87.jpg" data-filename="rjnux4vbju6zhxhtzw87" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Come detto in questo mio precedente articolo, l'apparato boccale delle api appartiene alla categoria dei lambenti/succhianti, ovvero tutti quegli insetti che sfruttano la propria conformazione, per servirsi del labbro inferiore e di quello superiore allo scopo di prolungarli a formare un’unica ligula. Così facendo, riescono a raggiungere con più facilità la zona nettarifera del fiore, sacrificando in parte la capacità di masticazione e lacerazione.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As mentioned in my previous article, the buccal apparatus of bees belongs to the category of lambent / sucking. In other words, its conformation, with the lower and upper lip that form a single ligule, makes it easier to reach the nectar zone of the flower, but is less effective with regard to the chewing and laceration.</div><div><br></div><div>In questo video qualche dettaglio.</div><div><br></div><div>In this video some details.</div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://<iframe width=&quot;560&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Qs2YYJ_yCn8&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allow=&quot;accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture&quot; allowfullscreen></iframe>" target="_blank"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Qs2YYJ_yCn8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></a><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Da capoliste all'interno della categoria "insetti sociali", le api utilizzano la trofallassi come mezzo di scambio di cibo da un'ape all'altra o come mezzo di alimentazione (pensiamo ad esempio alla regina e ai fuchi, i quali sono vincolati necessariamente alle api operaie per la nutrizione). Durante questo scambio di alimenti, vengono condivisi anche gran parte degli enzimi prodotti dalle ghiandole dell'apparato boccale, tra i quali troviamo il celeberrimo GOX. Anche la regina, durante questo scambio, condivide con le sue figlie gran parte delle sostanze biochimiche prodotte dalle cellule esocrine. Tra di queste troviamo proprio il feromone reale. Quindi, oltre all'alimentazione, il fenomeno della trofallassi ha anche lo scopo di diffusione del feromone reale e, di conseguenza, della forza di aggregazione della famiglia stessa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bees are the leaders in the "social insects" category, they use tropllaxis as a means of exchanging food from one bee to another, or as a means of feeding (for example, the queen and the drones, are necessarily bound by worker bees for nutrition). During this food exchange, most of the enzymes produced by the glands of the buccal apparatus are also shared, among these we find the famous GOX. Even the queen during this exchange shares with her daughters most of the biochemicals produced by the exocrine cells, for example the real pheromone. Therefore, in addition to feeding, the phenomenon of trophallaxis has also the purpose of spreading the real pheromone and, consequently, the aggregation strength of the family itself.</div><div><br></div><div>Le antenne</div><div>The antennae</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478465/mwfczjxui4hnkj4hswqo.jpg" data-filename="mwfczjxui4hnkj4hswqo" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Le antenne delle api sono costituite da uno scapo con annesso pedicello (la porzione più piccola, prima della seconda parte), e da un flagello, la parte finale dell'antenna (il flagello negli insetti può essere liscio o con presenza di peluria). In questo caso troviamo un flagello liscio e composto da undici segmenti nel caso dell'ape e dodici in quello dei fuchi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The antennae of the bees consist of a scape with the pedicel (the smaller portion, before the second part), and of a flagellum, the final part of the antenna, (the flagellum in the insects can be smooth or hairy) in this case we find a smooth flagellum composed of eleven segments in the case of the bee and twelve in the case of drones.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478561/rjedap0znkpnuhmw899o.jpg" data-filename="rjedap0znkpnuhmw899o" style="width: 527.5px;"></div><div><br></div><div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Ricerche recenti hanno messo in evidenza come l'organo di Johnston, un recettore situato all'interno del pedicello, abbia il compito di rilevare vibrazioni e variazioni nello spostamento dell'antenna. Un altro scopo fondamentale di quest’ultimo è la capacità di permettere all'ape di captare la danza di un’ape vicina, anche in assenza di luce. Infatti, proprio grazie a questo recettore, le vibrazioni emesse dalle ali durante la danza vengono captate e tradotte, restituendo all'ape l'esatta posizione della fonte nettarifera.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Recent research has shown that the Johnston organ, a receptor located inside the pedicel, has the task of detecting vibrations and variations in the movement of the antenna. Another fundamental purpose is its ability to allow the bee to capture the dance of a bee nearby, even in the absence of light. In fact, thanks to this receptor, the vibrations emitted by the wings during the dance are picked up and translated, returning to the bee the exact position of the nectar source.</div><div><br></div><div>Zampe</div><div>Legs</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Le zampe delle api sono veramente "attrezzi" fantastici.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Ne troviamo due coppie, quella anteriore e quella posteriore.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Iniziando l'osservazione dalle anteriori, possiamo notare una serie di spazzole lungo tutta la parte esterna della zampa, che vanno a terminare su di un basitarso anch'esso provvisto di una grossa spazzola. La peluria presente, servirà per andare a rimuovere i granuli di polline che normalmente si depositano sul capo dell'ape. Anche la pulizia degli occhi avviene mediante queste apposite spazzole pulitrici.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The paws of bees are really fantastic "tools", we find two pairs of front legs and one pair of back legs.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Beginning the observation of the front legs, we can see how a series of brushes are arranged along the whole external part of the leg, which finish on a basitarsus, also provided with a large brush. The hairiness is used to remove the pollen grains that can deposite on the bee's head. The eyes are also cleaned with these special brushes.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478594/kekbixyuagdhbgwg8zim.jpg" data-filename="kekbixyuagdhbgwg8zim" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Come nella zampe anteriori, anche nella coppia centrale troviamo una corta peluria utile allo scopo di rimuovere il polline dal corpo dell'ape, ma oltre a queste situate in prossimità della tibia, troviamo anche la spina tibiale: con essa le api riescono a staccare le lamelle di cera prodotte al di sotto del ventre.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">As in the front legs, in the central pair we find a short down with the purpose of removing the pollen from the body of the bee, but besides this, located near the tibia, we find the tibial spine, with it the bees are able to detach the wax strips produced below the belly.<br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559478659/u0eh3eyuhzyphuvuvudm.jpg" data-filename="u0eh3eyuhzyphuvuvudm" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">La zampa posteriore invece, risulta la più massiccia. Immagine chiara di ciò, è infatti quella di vedere le nostre piccole api trasportare grazie ad essa grandi quantità di polline. Proprio per via di queste concavità situate nella parte esterna e dei lunghi peli ricurvi, vanno a formare vere e proprie "cestelle". Anche nelle zampe posteriori, troviamo la spina destinata alla rimozione della cera dall'addome.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The back leg is instead the most massive, a clear image is the one where we see our little bees, carrying large quantities of pollen; thanks to these concavities located in the external part and thanks to the help of the long curved hairs, that form veritable "baskets". Also in the back legs we find the spine destined to the removal of the wax from the abdomen.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div>Le ali</div><div>Wings</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559485549/frx2lyznvn2j6716dnro.jpg" data-filename="frx2lyznvn2j6716dnro" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Nelle api troviamo due coppie di ali: le anteriori (le più grandi) e le posteriori.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Nella zona inferiore delle ali anteriori, sono situati gli amuli o hammulae, appositi uncini che hanno lo scopo di unire le due coppie di ali durante la fase di volo, aumentando così la resistenza nei confronti dell’aria.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Costituite da chitosina, si è sempre pensato che al loro interno non vi fosse innervazione, da qui l'usanza di clippare le ali alle regine per evitare la sciamatura. Da quello che emerge anche dalle fotografie qui riportate, però, l'innervazione è presente e si estende per tutta l'anima del dorso dell'ala.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">In the bees we find two pairs of wings, two front wings larger than the back ones. In the lower part of the front wings there are the amuli or hammulae, special hooks that have the purpose of connecting the pair of wings to each other during the flight phase, increasing the air resistance.</div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Constituted of chitosina, it was always thought that there were no innervation inside them, so was possible to clip the wings of the queens to avoid swarming. But from what also emerges from the shots taken, the innervation is present and it extends throughout the core of the back of the wing.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559484786/z67pqmks1skksdnvq1dx.jpg" data-filename="z67pqmks1skksdnvq1dx" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div>A differenza dei loro cugini “crabro”, gli apidae hanno il complesso muscolare toracico non direttamente collegato alle ali. Il movimento di quest’ultime è dovuto allo spostarsi del giunto dell’ala, per mezzo dello spostamento indiretto del torace.</div><div><br></div><div>Unlike their cousins ​​"crabro" the apidae have the thoracic muscle complex not directly connected to the wings, but the movement of them is due to the displacement of the joint of the wing, thanks to indirect displacement of the thorax.</div><div><br></div><div>Segmenti chitinosi</div><div>chitinous segments</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559486606/pqcwrwfig4uojhzxoqz9.jpg" data-filename="pqcwrwfig4uojhzxoqz9" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div>I tre metameri che compongono il corpo dell'ape sono quasi totalmente composti da chitina. L'esoscheletro è costituito da tante piccole porzioni lievemente sovrapposte l'un l'altra. Tale sovrapposizione permette all'ape di essere agile nei movimenti e allo stesso tempo di avere un esoscheletro robusto. Per esempio: la capacità di estroflettersi durante la nutrizione all'interno delle celle, o durante il foraggiamento di un fiore, è dovuta proprio grazie a questa particolare conformazione.</div><div><br></div><div>The three metamers that make up the body of the bee are almost entirely composed of chitin. The exoskeleton consists of many small portions slightly overlapped each other. This overlap allows the bee to be agile in its movements and at the same time to have a robust exoskeleton. For example, the ability to evert themselves during nutrition inside the cells, or during the foraging of a flower is made thanks to this particular conformation.</div><div><br></div><div>La peluria</div><div>the down</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559486616/amqrnanqpcnsr4wihi39.jpg" data-filename="amqrnanqpcnsr4wihi39" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div>A differenza dei peli situati lungo le zampe, la peluria presente sul torace appare più fitta e grassa. Importante per mantenere costante la temperatura interna, consente anche di avere uno strato idrofobo nelle cattive situazione ambientali. Indirettamente, la peluria rende le api uno tra gli insetti con maggiore capacità di impollinazione.</div><div>Di recente si è anche notato come la varroa sia attratta maggiormente proprio da questa componente grassa presente sul corpo delle api durante lo stato foretico.</div><div><br></div><div>Unlike the hair along the legs, the hair along the chest appears thicker and oilier. Important to keep the internal temperature constant, it also allows to have a hydrophobic layer in bad environmental conditions. Indirectly it makes bees one of the most efficient pollinating insects.</div><div>It has also recently been noticed how the varroa is attracted more, just by this oily component present on the body of the bees during its phoretic state.</div><div><br></div><div>Il pungiglione/ovopositore</div><div>the stinger / ovipositor</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559486746/ld6lyo0vpqd3h62q1jf5.jpg" data-filename="ld6lyo0vpqd3h62q1jf5" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div>Come già detto in precedenza, il pungiglione delle api altro non è che l'apparato ovopositore atrofizzatosi durante la fase di metamorfosi larvale.</div><div>Come è possibile osservare anche dalle immagini, nel primo caso abbiamo la chiusura del dotto destinato al passaggio delle uova che va a costituire un aculeo, mentre nel secondo, che raffigura la sezione di un'ape regina, è visibile come il complesso delle ovaie vada a convogliarsi all'interno dell'ovopositore. Nel complesso l'apparato velenifero dell'ape comprende: il dardo, la sacca velenifera e parte degli intestini. Proprio a causa della sua anatomia e dei piccoli uncini posti nella parte finale, nel momento in cui l’ape utilizza tale strumento di difesa contro un organismo dotato di un tessuto tegumentario elastico, come ad esempio quello dell’essere umano, esso rimane conficcato impedendo all’ape di ritrarlo.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559486786/m8ecylraa0jckp4yremi.jpg" data-filename="m8ecylraa0jckp4yremi" style="width: 527.5px;"><br></div><div><br></div><div>As also mentioned above, the sting of the bees is nothing more than the atrophied ovipositor apparatus during the larval metamorphosis phase.</div><div>As you can also see from the images in the first case we have the closure of the duct destinated to the passage of the eggs that goes to make up a spike, in the second that is the section of a queen bee, it is visible how the complex of the ovaries goes to convey inside the ovipositor.</div><div>The bee's venomous apparatus includes: the dart, the venom sac and part of the intestines. Thanks to its anatomy and to the small hooks placed in the final part, when the bee uses this defence tool against an organism with an elastic integumentary tissue, such as the human skin, it remains stuck preventing the bee from pulling back it.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Fonti-Source:<br></div><div><a href="http://www.ikonet.com/en/visualdictionary/animal-kingdom/insects-and-arachnids/honeybee/morphology-of-a-honeybee-worker-2.php" target="_blank">visualdictionary/animal</a></div><div><a href="http://www.bumblebee.org/bodyWing.htm" target="_blank">bumblebeeWing.htm</a></div><div><a href="https://americanbeejournal.com/quick-start-guide-honey-bee-antennae/" target="_blank">americanbeejournal-antennae</a></div><div><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3190/aa5c6e" target="_blank">iopscience</a></div><div><a href="http://www.mielidautore.it/alveare-morfologia.htm" target="_blank">mielidautore</a><br><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hutchingsbeeservice/home/bee-anatomy" target="_blank">hutchingsbeeservice-bee-anatomy</a></div><div><br>

Tutte le foto sono di mia proprietà.</div><div><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">All photos are my property</span></div><div><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br></span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559489471/mwbirseqlr58o3n5z6z7.png" data-filename="mwbirseqlr58o3n5z6z7" style="width: 428px; height: 200.285px;"></div><div style="text-align: center; "><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1559489493/kmofthdpfvehfsaiw14j.png" data-filename="kmofthdpfvehfsaiw14j" style="width: 458px; height: 191.207px;"><br></div></div><div><div><div class="jhH5U r-i1wVqJRqLc_w" jsaction="tr_update_source_language:r.xVAjFmK1HCA;tr_update_target_language:r.iHgHKOfvkAQ" data-rtid="i1wVqJRqLc_w" jsl="$t t-DSHHy8VcA1g;$x 0;" style="padding: 0px 16px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><div class="tw-src-ltr" id="tw-ob" style="display: flex; min-height: 140px; position: relative;"><div class="oSioSc" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; flex: 1 1 0%; width: 0px; display: flex;"><div id="tw-target" style="font-size: 0px; margin: 0px -16px; position: relative; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); -webkit-box-flex: 1; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; width: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div id="kAz1tf" class="g9WsWb" style="margin: 0px; position: relative; padding: 10px 16px 52px; flex: 1 1 0%;"><div class="tw-ta-container tw-nfl" id="tw-target-text-container" style="overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><pre class="tw-ta tw-text-medium" lang="en" style="font-size: 29px; line-height: 36px; background-color: transparent; border: none; padding: 0px 0.14em 0px 0px; position: absolute; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; resize: none; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-align: initial; width: 283px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; visibility: hidden;"></pre></div><div class="tw-ta-container tw-nfl" id="tw-target-rmn-container" style="overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><pre class="tw-data-placeholder tw-ta tw-text-small" data-placeholder="" id="tw-target-rmn" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate; background-color: transparent; border: none; padding: 0px 0.14em 0px 0px; position: relative; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; resize: none; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; width: 283px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; color: black;"></pre><pre class="tw-ta tw-text-small" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; padding: 0px 0.14em 0px 0px; position: absolute; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; resize: none; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-align: initial; width: 283px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; visibility: hidden;"></pre></div><div class="tw-menu" id="tw-tmenu" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; right: 0px;"><span class="tw-menu-btn" data-action-target="target" id="tw-spkr-button" aria-label="Text to speech" role="button" tabindex="0" jsaction="tobs.sp" data-ved="2ahUKEwjr3OSbicviAhXNC-wKHVq_DdcQ8DQwAHoECAoQDQ" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 48px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); overflow: hidden; width: 48px;"><span class="tw-menu-btn-image z1asCe JKu1je" title="Ascolta" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentcolor; height: 26px; line-height: 24px; position: relative; width: 26px; border: 1px solid transparent; padding: 10px;"><svg focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 9v6h4l5 5V4L7 9H3zm13.5 3c0-1.77-1.02-3.29-2.5-4.03v8.05c1.48-.73 2.5-2.25 2.5-4.02zM14 3.23v2.06c2.89.86 5 3.54 5 6.71s-2.11 5.85-5 6.71v2.06c4.01-.91 7-4.49 7-8.77s-2.99-7.86-7-8.77z"></path></svg></span></span><span class="tw-menu-btn" data-action-target="target" id="tw-cpy-btn" title="Copia" aria-label="Copy text" role="button" tabindex="0" jsaction="tobs.cp" data-ved="2ahUKEwjr3OSbicviAhXNC-wKHVq_DdcQ69UBMAB6BAgKEA4" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 48px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); overflow: hidden; width: 48px;"><span class="tw-menu-btn-image z1asCe wm4nBd" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentcolor; height: 26px; line-height: 24px; position: relative; width: 26px; border: 1px solid transparent; padding: 10px;"><svg focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"></path></svg></span></span></div><g-info-bubble id="tw-info-bubble" jscontroller="zMMxKd" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"></g-info-bubble></div></div></div></div><div class="dURPtb" style="clear: both; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px;"></div><g-expandable-container class="i1wVqJRqLc_w-4fm0uUq2Wj8 r-i1yiOGpHTVQE" jsaction="xpd_fe:tobs.lpe;xpd_fc:tobs.lpc;xpd_a:r.QAtpGcnvAPU;xpd_c:r.2jLl4OaUpYU;xpd_e:r.9AlAr7I8i7Y;xpd_r:r.DVWvKvQi1K0;xpd_rt:r.fEHd7CK_8uk;xpd_rm:r.AkQMWiVNEOs;xpd_t:r.woqmWPedZAc" aria-expanded="false" data-slct="mnr-c" data-rtid="i1yiOGpHTVQE" jsl="$t t-J42MXltZJ-s;$x 0;" style="display: block;"><div class="i1yiOGpHTVQE-pvVKlfEP0Yk"></div></g-expandable-container></div></div></div>
👍  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and 581 others
properties (23)
post_id75,724,950
authorphage93
permlinkmorfologia-dell-ape--1559489761
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem","steemstem","discovery-it","itastem","science","ita"],"app":"steemstem"}
created2019-06-02 15:36:09
last_update2019-06-02 15:36:09
depth0
children13
net_rshares10,304,463,526,820
last_payout2019-06-09 15:36:09
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value3.832 SBD
curator_payout_value1.236 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length28,380
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries
0.
accountitegoarcanadei
weight500
1.
accountsteemstem
weight500
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (645)
@msowner2 ·
You have receive an upvote. Thanks for playing <a href="http://bit.ly/moonsteem_c1">moonSTEEM</a>
properties (22)
post_id75,725,685
authormsowner2
permlinkre-morfologia-dell-ape--1559489761-20190602t155127z
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"app":"rewarding\/0.1.5"}
created2019-06-02 15:51:30
last_update2019-06-02 15:51:30
depth1
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-09 15:51:30
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length97
author_reputation264,376,118,574
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
@pab.ink ·
Articoli di questo livello se ne leggono davvero pochi, siamo al top.
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,730,252
authorpab.ink
permlinkpshfft
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-02 17:33:30
last_update2019-06-02 17:33:30
depth1
children1
net_rshares14,870,354,309
last_payout2019-06-09 17:33:30
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length69
author_reputation7,644,222,742,525
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@phage93 ·
troppo gentile!!
Ho un altro interessante esserino da ispezionare nei prossimi giorni!!!
properties (22)
post_id75,730,509
authorphage93
permlinkpshfqs
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-02 17:40:06
last_update2019-06-02 17:40:06
depth2
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-09 17:40:06
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length88
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
@mad-runner ·
Non è un post, è una piccola enciclopedia sul mondo delle api, lavoro molto professionale e curatissimo, quando viaggi in quello che ormai si può definire "Phage World" ti esprimi su livelli di assoluta eccellenza

Posted using [Partiko Android](https://partiko.app/referral/mad-runner)
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,734,304
authormad-runner
permlinkmad-runner-re-phage93-morfologia-dell-ape--1559489761-20190602t190748848z
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"app":"partiko","client":"android"}
created2019-06-02 19:07:48
last_update2019-06-02 19:07:48
depth1
children1
net_rshares10,420,260,307
last_payout2019-06-09 19:07:48
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length286
author_reputation386,070,543,215,380
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@phage93 ·
Grazie mille @mad-runner, sempre troppo gentile!
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,842,292
authorphage93
permlinkpskv21
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"users":["mad-runner"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-04 14:03:39
last_update2019-06-04 14:03:39
depth2
children0
net_rshares9,668,601,929
last_payout2019-06-11 14:03:39
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length48
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@steem-plus ·
SteemPlus upvote
Hi, @phage93!

You just got a **15.65%** upvote from SteemPlus!
To get higher upvotes, earn more SteemPlus Points (SPP). On your Steemit wallet, check your SPP balance and click on "How to earn SPP?" to find out all the ways to earn.
If you're not using SteemPlus yet, please check our last posts in [here](https://steemit.com/@steem-plus) to see the many ways in which SteemPlus can improve your Steem experience on Steemit and Busy.
properties (22)
post_id75,734,562
authorsteem-plus
permlinkmorfologia-dell-ape--1559489761---vote-steemplus
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{}
created2019-06-02 19:13:21
last_update2019-06-02 19:13:21
depth1
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-09 19:13:21
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length435
author_reputation247,995,867,762,997
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
@steemstem ·
re-phage93-morfologia-dell-ape--1559489761-20190603t100559953z
<div class='text-justify'> <div class='pull-left'> <center> <br /> <img width='200' src='https://res.cloudinary.com/drrz8xekm/image/upload/v1553698283/weenlqbrqvvczjy6dayw.jpg'> </center>  <br/> </div> 

This post has been voted on by the **SteemSTEM** curation team and voting trail. It is elligible for support from <b><a href='https://www.steemstem.io/#!/@curie'>@curie</a></b>.<br /> 

If you appreciate the work we are doing, then consider supporting our witness [**stem.witness**](https://steemconnect.com/sign/account_witness_vote?approve=1&witness=stem.witness). Additional witness support to the [**curie witness**](https://steemconnect.com/sign/account_witness_vote?approve=1&witness=curie) would be appreciated as well.<br /> 

For additional information please join us on the [**SteemSTEM discord**]( https://discord.gg/BPARaqn) and to get to know the rest of the community!<br />

Thanks for having added <b><a href='https://www.steemstem.io/#!/@steemstem'>@steemstem</a></b> as a beneficiary to your post. This granted you a stronger support from SteemSTEM.<br />

Thanks for having used the <b><a href='https://www.steemstem.io'>steemstem.io</a></b> app. You got a stronger support!</div>
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,773,128
authorsteemstem
permlinkre-phage93-morfologia-dell-ape--1559489761-20190603t100559953z
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"app":"bloguable-bot"}
created2019-06-03 10:06:03
last_update2019-06-03 10:06:03
depth1
children0
net_rshares8,920,044,913
last_payout2019-06-10 10:06:03
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length1,203
author_reputation229,673,617,633,863
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@acquarius30 ·
Veramente un ottimo post! Manco da un pò da Steemit, è la prima volta che vedo che scrivi anche inglese. Bravissimo, divulga le tue conoscenze anche fuori, meritano! :)
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,796,505
authoracquarius30
permlinkpsjbbb
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-03 17:59:36
last_update2019-06-03 17:59:36
depth1
children1
net_rshares10,796,061,001
last_payout2019-06-10 17:59:36
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length168
author_reputation4,309,674,245,249
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@phage93 ·
:) per l'inglese c'ha pensato @sciack!
properties (22)
post_id75,842,256
authorphage93
permlinkpskv17
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"users":["sciack"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-04 14:03:06
last_update2019-06-04 14:03:06
depth2
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-11 14:03:06
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length38
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
@itegoarcanadei ·
Gran postone questo! Altro livello... !😉

Posted using [Partiko Android](https://partiko.app/referral/itegoarcanadei)
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,799,409
authoritegoarcanadei
permlinkitegoarcanadei-re-phage93-morfologia-dell-ape--1559489761-20190603t190026662z
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"app":"partiko","client":"android"}
created2019-06-03 19:00:27
last_update2019-06-03 19:00:27
depth1
children1
net_rshares10,855,259,047
last_payout2019-06-10 19:00:27
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length117
author_reputation9,404,448,517,263
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@phage93 ·
Grazie mille per tutto ite!
properties (22)
post_id75,842,219
authorphage93
permlinkpskv0g
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-04 14:02:42
last_update2019-06-04 14:02:42
depth2
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-11 14:02:42
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length27
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
@carolineschell ·
Che bella!!!! Gli occhi e le ali mi affascinano particolarmente ;-D
👍  
properties (23)
post_id75,837,966
authorcarolineschell
permlinkpskre3
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-04 12:44:21
last_update2019-06-04 12:44:21
depth1
children1
net_rshares10,749,739,886
last_payout2019-06-11 12:44:21
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length67
author_reputation38,805,107,322,101
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@phage93 ·
XD
Eviterò di portarle spezzettate nuovamente!
properties (22)
post_id75,842,388
authorphage93
permlinkpskv4g
categorysteemstem
json_metadata{"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit\/0.1"}
created2019-06-04 14:05:06
last_update2019-06-04 14:05:06
depth2
children0
net_rshares0
last_payout2019-06-11 14:05:06
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 SBD
curator_payout_value0.000 SBD
pending_payout_value0.000 SBD
promoted0.000 SBD
body_length46
author_reputation34,145,488,738,336
root_title"Morfologia dell'ape - Bee morphology"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 SBD
percent_steem_dollars10,000