The Benefit of Immunization | Manfaat Imunisasi by abdys

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· @abdys · (edited)
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The Benefit of Immunization | Manfaat Imunisasi
Definition and Purpose of Immunization:
Immunization is an effort to provide immunity/body defense in infants and children resistant to certain diseases. The purpose of immunization is to stimulate the body's immunological system to form a specific antibody so that can protect infants and toddlers from disease attacks caused by frequent outbreaks. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2004), states that the definition of immunization is an attempt made in the vaccine on a person's body so as to induce immunity against certain diseases.

<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmc9H4kcp7qNdVjHc8HV2GYaKHqWXjZmA4usF4hpySYTu2/1437268292.jpg</center>
<center>Illustration of immunization (Jovanmandic): [image source:](https://sains.kompas.com/read/2017/12/06/193156823/ingat-ada-imunisasi-difteri-di-3-provinsi-ini-pada-11-desember-2017)</center>

Type and Time of Giving:
The usual type of immunization (vaccine) given is active immunization. There are five types of immunizations given free of charge at Maternal and Child Health Services (Posyandu) for infants before 1 year of age followed by advanced immunization in Toddlers, namely:
1. Measles vaccine is given twice at 9 months and 24 months to prevent measles.
Measles is a very contagious illness. The disease is caused by a measles virus infection, transmission occurs through the air in splashes that come from the nose and the patient's throat. Symptoms that occur in the form of flu, canker sores, fever and inflammation on the eyes for 3 to 7 days, then arise rashes on the skin from the neck, face, behind the ear to spread to the body that lasted for 4 to 6 days. Usually all the symptoms and complaints will disappear as blackish-spatter on the child's body. If the child has symptoms of measles, immediately take it to the doctor for treatment.
2. Hepatitis B vaccine is given to newborns to prevent transmission of Hepatitis B from mother to child in the birth process, because not all mothers know whether he or she is infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can cause liver stiffness that results in liver failure and liver cancer.
3. BCG vaccine is given once at the age of 1 month to prevent germs from tuberculosis affecting lungs, glands, bones, and inflammation of the brain that can cause death or disability.
4. Polio vaccine is given 4 times at the age of 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months to prevent paralytic wilt. Once a child has been paralyzed with wilting on the feet and/or hands, then no medicine can cure him. It can sometimes cause respiratory muscle paralysis that causes death.
5. DPT-HB-Hib vaccine is administered 4 times, at 2, 3, 4 and 18 months to prevent 6 diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Pneumonia and Meningitis (inflammation of the brain). Diphtheria can cause swelling and obstruction of the airway, and remove toxins that can paralyze the heart muscle. Severe Pertussis disease can cause severe respiratory tract infections (pneumonia). Tetanus germs release toxins that attack the nerves of the muscles of the body, so the muscles become stiff, difficult to move and difficult to breathe. Haemophilus influenza type B can cause pneumonia and meningitis.

<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmaxKhGuBCDT6q9ZS7b3b43mc5xENKagwMixucv6xm85rg/pin.jpg</center>
<center>PIN Logo 2016: [image source:](http://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2016/03/pencanangan-pekan-imunisasi-nasional-pin-polio/#.WrUX7NtubIU)</center>

When is the Immunization Schedule?
The World Health Assembly (WHA) Assembly agrees that the World Immunization Week (WIW) is held in the final week of April of each year. From that, do not forget to bring your baby to Posyandu in your village for a healthier baby.

Immunity is divided into two, namely:
1. Natural passive immunity is the antibody substance obtained from the mother of the baby is in the womb, the old antibody is in the baby's body + 3 months, the baby can already make gamma globing as in diphtheria disease. other passive immunity is the passive immunity that is immune obtained after suffering a disease, duration in the body about two to three weeks such as anti-tetanus serum (ATS).
2. Active immunity is the body makes antibodies after a person suffering from diseases such as smallpox. then is the active immune, this thickening is generally called immunization is the provision of antibodies into the body, the substance called vaccine.

<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmeN8SsA67pXGUbRZCzEjcDAgtdxwfaDgjvbqkLZidsT5A/menko-pembangunan-manusia-dan-kebudayaan-puan-maharani-ketiga-kanan-_160308134234-874.jpg</center>
<center>The first lady of Indonesia, Iriana Joko Widodo give polio vaccine drops to children under five (toddler): [image source: Antara/Maulana Surya](http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/16/03/08/o3pk82359-pekan-imunisasi-nasional-polio-dilaksanakan-serentak-815-maret)</center>


___________________________________________________________________________________________________

In Bahasa: 

Pengertian dan Tujuan Imunisasi:
Imunisasi adalah suatu upaya memberikan kekebalan / pertahanan tubuh pada bayi dan anak agat tahan terhadap penyakit tertentu. Adapun tujuan imunisasi adalah merangsang sistim imunologi tubuh untuk membentuk anti body spesifik sehinga dapat melindungi bayi dan Balita dari serangan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh wabah yang sering muncul. Departemen Kesehatan RI (2004), menyebutkan bahwa pengertian imunisasi adalah suatu usaha yang dilakukan dalam pemberian vaksin pada tubuh seseorang sehingga dapat menimbulkan kekebalan terhadap penyakit tertentu.

Jenis dan Waktu Pemberiannya:
Jenis Imunisasi (Vaksin) yang lazim diberikan adalah imunisasi aktif. Ada lima jenis imunisasi yang diberikan secara gratis di Posyandu untuk bayi sebelum berusia 1 tahun diikuti dengan imunisasi lanjutan pada Batita, yaitu:
1.	Vaksin Campak diberikan dua kali pada usia 9 bulan dan 24 bulan  untuk mencegah penyakit campak. 
Penyakit campak adalah suatu penyakit akut yang sangat menular. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi virus campak, penularan terjadi melalui udara secara percikan yang berasal dari hidung dan tengorokan penderita. Gejala yang timbul berupa flu, sariawan, demam serta peradagan pada mata selama 3 sampai 7 hari, kemudian timbul ruam-ruam pada kulit mulai leher, muka, belakang telinga hingga menyebar ke badan yang berlangsung selama 4 sampai 6 hari. Biasanya semua gejala dan keluhan akan hilang seiring menghitamnya ruam-ruang pada tubuh anak. Jika si anak mengalami gejala campak, segeralah bawa ke dokter untuk memperoleh penanganan.  
2.	Vaksin Hepatitis B diberikan pada bayi baru lahir untuk mencegah penularan Hepatitis B dari ibu ke anak pada proses kelahiran, karena tidak semua ibu tahu apakah dirinya terinfeksi Hepatitis B atau tidak. Hepatitis B dapat menyebabkan pengerasan hati yang berujung pada kegagalan fungsi hati dan kanker hati.
3.	Vaksin BCG diberikan satu kali pada usia 1 bulan guna mencegah kuman tuberkulosis menyerang paru, kelenjar, tulang dan radang otak yang bisa menimbulkan kematian atau kecacatan.
4.	Vaksin Polio diberikan 4 kali pada usia 1 bulan, 2 bulan, 3 bulan dan 4 bulan guna mencegah lumpuh layu. Sekali anak terkena lumpuh layu pada kaki dan/atau tangan, maka tidak ada obat yang dapat menyembuhkannya. Bahkan kadang dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan otot pernafasan yang menyebabkan kematian.
5.	Vaksin DPT-HB-Hib diberikan 4 kali, pada usia 2, 3, 4 dan 18 bulan guna mencegah 6 penyakit, yaitu: Difteri, Pertusis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Pneumonia (radang paru) dan Meningitis (radang otak). Penyakit Difteri dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan dan sumbatan jalan nafas, serta mengeluarkan racun yang dapat melumpuhkan otot jantung. Penyakit Pertusis berat dapat menyebabkan infeksi saluran nafas berat (pneumonia). Kuman Tetanus mengeluarkan racun yang menyerang syaraf otot tubuh, sehingga otot menjadi kaku, sulit bergerak dan sulit bernafas.  Kuman Haemophilus influenza tipe B dapat menyebabkan Pneumonia  dan Meningitis.

Kapan Jadwal Imunisasi ? 
Sidang Majelis Kesehatan Dunia atau World Health Assembly (WHA) menyepakati bahwa Pekan Imunisasi Dunia (PID) atau World Immmunization Week (WIW) dilakukan pada minggu terakhir di bulan April setiap tahunnya. Dari itu, jangan lupa bawakan bayi anda ke Posyandu di gampong / desa anda untuk bayi yang lebih sehat.

Kekebalan tubuh terbagi dua, yaitu: 
1.	Kekebalan pasif alami yaitu zat antibody yang diperoleh dari ibu selam bayi berada dalam kandungan, lama antibody ini berada dalam tubuh bayi + 3 bulan, bayi yang sudah dapat membuat gamma globing seperti pada penyakit difteri. kekebalan pasif lainnya yaitu kekebalan pasif buatan yaitu kekebalann yang diperoleh setelah menderita suatu penyakit, lamanya dalam tubuh sekitar dua sampai tiga minggu seperti anti tetanus serum ( ATS ).
2.	Kekebalan Aktif  yaitu tubuh membuat antibody setelah  seseorang menderita penyakit seperti cacar. selanjutnya adalah kekebalan aktif buatan, pengebalan ini umumnya disebut imunisasi yaitu pemberian antibody kedalam tubuh, zatnya disebut vaksin.

[Sumber bacaan](http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/201404240001/pekan-imunisasi-dunia-2014-imunisasi-untuk-masa-depan-yang-sehat.html)

<center>Best Regard @abdys</center>
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@agrojaya ·
Preh siat teuk di upvote le steemiteducation
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@albuluhi ·
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Han ek tatumuleh lee bg lah.. Ha ha. Lon kupueuget postingan untuk jivote lee good karma sagai.
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@albuluhi ·
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Sion photo,, tulisan 5 boh bareh.. Tag esteem.. Post lewat aplikasi.
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@abdys ·
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@fahrizal345 ·
Ide yang bugus agar terjaga kesehatannya
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@muhammadbasyir ·
Bereh pak @abdys, semoga bermanfaat untuk kita semua...
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