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Maize cultivation in our country started in 1975 with seeds of composite variety of maize. Seeds obtained by free post-pollination in a few fine inbred lines were then used for maize cultivation. As a result, the yield of maize has never been encouraging as the quality of these seeds is not good. As a result, both the amount of arable land and its production have declined, as has its yield. As a result of the use of conventional maize varieties, the area under maize cultivation, production and yield per hectare have decreased by 2.10 per cent, 3.59 per cent and 0.79 per cent from 1986 to 1986. At that time it was not possible to attract the attention of the farmers in maize cultivation. BARI released three hybrid varieties of maize in 197. Since then, various varieties of foreign hybrid maize seeds have started coming to this country through private seed companies. The use of hybrid maize seeds for maize cultivation in this country has started since 1993. Maize acreage increases, total production and yield per hectare also increases. Comparing 1986 to 2003-04, it is clear that the area under maize, total production and yield per hectare has increased by 19.83, 34.40 and 14.56 per cent respectively.
The history of maize cultivation in the country seems to be changing day by day. If you look at the corn plant and its grain-rich yellow mochar in the field, who will say that it was born in distant Mexico. Maize has adapted well to the water, air and soil of this country. The area, production and yield per hectare of hybrid maize has increased significantly in the last one decade. Maize ranks first among cereals in terms of yield per hectare, but now ranks third after paddy and wheat in terms of cultivable area and total production. In 2002-03, the total production of maize in the country was only 1.75 lakh tonnes. In 2012-13, the maize yield stood at 21.7 lakh tonnes. In the last ten to eleven years, the yield of maize in this country has increased more than 12 times. In 2013, maize was planted in 3.12 lakh hectares of land in Bangladesh, which was 2.63 lakh hectares in 2010. In Bangladesh, the yield of maize per hectare is quite good. While the average production of maize per hectare in the world is 4.9 metric tons, in Bangladesh it is 5.36 metric tons.
This is all about statistics. Maize is the only crop in our country whose every variety is now hybrid. In other words, in the field of this country, one hundred percent hybrid maize variety is being planted. The days of sniffing our hybrid crops are over. In addition to maize, many vegetable crops now rely on hybrid varieties for seed production. In the case of maize, hybrid varieties are so successful that hybrid maize has emerged as a great blessing to people in some parts of the country. Hybrid maize cultivation has changed the way of life of people in many areas.
For those who are vocal against the hybrid, it is important to observe the actual effect of the corn hybrid on its yield and human livelihood. It's hard to believe how much hybrid maize has brought back vitality to the dhu dhu sands of the char. Maize cultivation has brought multifaceted impact on the livelihood of the people in these areas. This has created employment for many people. Maize grains are the main attraction of maize, but farmers are also using mocha and maize plants separated from maize as fuel. Women workers are also involved in various activities including maize collection, threshing, sorting and drying. As a result, women also have the opportunity to become self-reliant.
Hybrid maize cultivation has ushered in a new era in the United States. At a time when it was no longer possible to increase yields with the help of free-pollinated maize varieties, the creation of hybrid varieties of maize seemed to take on a new dimension in America. Within a few days, hybrids became so popular that in 1934, where only one percent of the land was planted with maize hybrids, it took over 6 percent of the land in the 1940s. By the 1950s, hybrid corn occupied much of the United States. Various types of hybrid maize are now being planted on 99 percent of the land in the United States.
In Bangladesh, maize grains are mainly used as poultry and cattle feed. Corn kernel powder is also one of the ingredients in fish food. However, people in this country have now started eating boiled or burnt corn. A variety of foods for people can be made from corn. Bread, bread mixed with flour, bread mixed with cauliflower, puri, corn pancakes, corn biscuits, corn khichuri, corn-rice khichuri, corn polao, green corn kernels, boiled corn, no matter how much people eat corn by burning corn. Corn popcorn is becoming very popular in urban areas day by day. The food quality of maize is quite good. Corn has more meat, phosphorus and fat content than rice. The oil content of maize seeds is 8-12 percent. Corn oil is as good as edible oil. Corn oil is good for babies, pregnant women and lactating mothers. In addition, corn contains good amounts of magnesium, potassium and sulfur.
There are two main sources of hybrid varieties used for maize cultivation in Bangladesh. Imported maize varieties are the main source of maize seeds. The second source of maize seeds is the maize hybrid variety invented in Bangladesh. The demand for foreign varieties in Bangladesh is high for two or three reasons. The reasons are-
2-3 varieties of maize are produced from foreign varieties of maize, 1-2 varieties of maize are produced from Bangladeshi varieties. The higher the number of mochas, the smaller the mocha and the lower the number of grains. However, the yield of three mochar maize trees is slightly higher than that of two mochar maize trees.
It is easy to get seeds of foreign varieties. Companies reach out to farmers with foreign varieties of seeds and cultivation methods. The seeds of the native variety are not so cheap, moreover, there is so much publicity about it.
The yield of some foreign hybrid maize varieties is higher than that of domestic hybrid varieties.
Among the foreign varieties, some varieties are quite popular in the region. These varieties include NK-40, NK-47, NK-47, NK-60, Pacific-11, Pacific-60, 900M, Konak, 617, Bari Maize-5. There are some more good hybrid corn varieties in the market. New varieties are also coming day by day. This is the advantage of a competitive market. The discussion of what hybrid corn actually is will certainly not seem futile here. Rather, it seems to be more relevant. Maize is a 100% post-pollinated crop. And there is no way to be 100 percent post-pollinated. The male flower is at the top of the head of each corn tree and the female flower is located in the middle of the trunk of the tree. As a result, in order to contain the seeds, the head of the female flower must get the pollen of the male flower. That system is also quite good in corn. On the head of each female flower there are innumerable womb heads spread like very soft silk thread. That is why it is called 'Silk'. So the reason they are scattered like this is to bind the flying pollen and arrange for them to germinate to form seeds. Scientists have used this habit of post-pollination of corn. Due to the post-pollination nature, the penis of an inbred line is cut by lining the two fine inbred lines of corn in a certain proportion. That is, this line then only carries the female flower. From another inbreed line, the pollen then flies in the movement of the wind and falls into the womb of the female flower. Only hybrid seeds are produced as a result. He hybrid seeds are then used for maize cultivation.