Because the Mars Global Surveyor was not designed to study the atmosphere, it could only measure electrons and not detect heavier ions, which make up most of the trapped gas. (The mission of the spacecraft has already ended in 2007.)
![](https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dclick/image/bayleybrige/1561664878405)
[Photo](https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dclick/image/bayleybrige/1561664878405)

Brain says that ions and electrons do not always exhibit the same behavior. Moreover, because of its trajectory, the MGS was able to measure these magnetic umbrellas every day at the same local time and height, which did not provide healthy information.

MAVEN (Evolution of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Gas) was the spacecraft that put an end to the question of where Mars' atmosphere is now.
![](https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dclick/image/bayleybrige/1561664902788)
[Photo](https://s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/dclick/image/bayleybrige/1561664902788)

MAVEN, the first spacecraft designed to help scientists understand the past and present of the escape of carbon dioxide and other gases in the Mars atmosphere into space, was launched on 8 November 2013 and entered orbit on the red planet on 21 September 2014.
 

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