Adding costs and benefits to good voting by liberosist

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· @liberosist · (edited)
$5.19
Adding costs and benefits to good voting
This is an old idea, but somehow more relevant today. 

Let me be clear, this is academic and will never be adopted on Steem, neither do I suggest it, but it can be an interesting thought experiment that may lead to other solutions. 

Every functioning system that collects and collates opinion has options for positive as well as negative opinion. Steem is probably the only social network which highly incentivised upvotes, while discouraging downvotes. I have always thought of this as bizarre and sick. You need negative opinion and dissent to form any healthy society, or it'll become cheerleading of evil. 

Fortunately, people are starting to talk about downvote pools, but there's no clear consensus on how it'll be implemented. One option is to offer a subsidised pool of downvotes, but the concerns are that this will lead to people abusing the subsidy to satisfy personal grudges rather than the betterment of content curation. The other option is offering curation rewards for downvoting. The issue with this approach is that curation rewards are only generated by upvotes, so by downvoting you're actually diminishing your rewards. It's better than now, as you'll gain some rewards as long as the payout remains above >$0, but not ideal. 

The problem is, there's a very predictable cost to curation, in terms of VP. By VP, I mean Voting Mana, Voting Power, whatever you may call it. The thought experiment here is **turning VP into a resource that curators earn or lose based on the quality of their curation**. 

Think of a scenario, where there's some trash post that a bad whale has upvoted by 100%. Currently, they instantly lose 2% of their VP, and that's it. People don't want to 100% downvote the trash because they stand to lose 2% of their VP for no benefit, and it may take hundreds of them to lose 2% to counteract one 2% whale vote. 

What we need is to *add some costs to people voting trash, and some benefits to people downvoting trash, whilst also removing predictability of said costs and benefits*. And vice-versa.  

What if, the bad actors who upvoted the trash post now lose, say, 50% of their VP, while those who downvoted VP can actually minimise their VP cost, or even *increase* their VP? The people who upvote the bad posts earliest lose more of their VP than those that voted later, sticking with the squared curation curve. Similarly, those who downvote stand to gain more the earlier they downvote. Likewise, those that are downvoting good content for a personal vendetta or whatever stand to lose a lot of their VP. 

Each post will have a pool of VP, which would have to balance out to equilibrium, with the good curators gaining some, and the bad curators losing some. After a post is paid out, bad actors will stand to lose a significant amount of their VP, thus reducing their power to abuse their stakeholding for future voting. Meanwhile, good curators will receive a bonus VP they can allocate. 

The net result is that some of the reward pool will be taken away from abusive voters and good voters will be empowered at their expense. 

Finally, curation rewards will continue to exist, and this can also be combined with curation rewards for downvoting. The direct financial incentives to upvoting will still exist, but this will level the playing field just a bit. 

Do note that this is not a panacea, as the voting will still be stake-weighted. It's likely that the abusive whales will still win, but at worst the cost to VP for the good voters would be decreased. 

The reason why this will never be adopted on Steem is that it'll significantly disincentivize all bid botting, self-voting and related abuse overnight, and that may lead the investors who have bought in Steem to exit the platform as they no longer have an incentive to self-vote, abuse or delegate to bid bots. Or, who knows, maybe they'll switch to actually curating well, as that will be more profitable? 

Personally, I'd be happy to see STEEM crash in the short term, if it makes for a better social network in the long term. But I do recognise the need to balance investor interests and content curation. Which is why I won't be supporting this idea, but I hope it'll provoke some thoughts and perhaps someone will invent a balanced solution to downvoting.
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vote details (46)
@liberosist · (edited)
Another thought - how about excellent curators have >100% VP? I.e. under this model, if they keep making perfect curation choices all the time, they could end up with a VP >100%.
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@otemzi ·
In an ideal world the above would have been good, but as it stands, it is in our nature to find ways to exploit an existing system.

That said, users with multiple account can abuse this, be it long run or short run

A disagreement in reward can turn into an all out war with the users who engage in downvoting getting rewarded be it for a just reason or not. 

> but the concerns are that this will lead to people abusing the subsidy to satisfy personal grudges rather than the betterment of content curation.

We have seen minnows, dolphins, and whales suffer for this and giving out reward to do just that might lead to a total collapse of the system

The above looks good if humans were not humans

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@liberosist ·
You're describing is how it is now. What I described above is a way to somewhat disincentivise bad voting by adding a VP cost to it. Also, you have quoted a different solution, and not what the above is about.
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@tts ·
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[![](https://s18.postimg.org/51o0kpijd/play200x46.png)](http://ec2-52-72-169-104.compute-1.amazonaws.com/liberosist__adding-costs-and-benefits-to-good-voting.mp3)
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@liberosist ·
Do you really think people are going to listen to some rant?
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@trafalgar · (edited)
Hi liberosist, I'm glad you're open to consider the EIP

As for your own proposal it's certainly interesting. The concept of rewarding good curation with not just money but VP is certainly novel.

What I don't really understand is how do we determine who the good and bad actors are at payout? Is it simply that people who got more than the avg amount of curation rewards are automatically deemed as the good actors and win VP from those who came in later? So anyone with over 25% curation rewards will win VP over those who earned less after each post?

A clear example illustrating what you mean would help here. 

In practice the EIP might be a little easier to implement just from a technical standpoint. But if you can get the details right in your idea, anything is possible.
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vote details (3)
@liberosist ·
$0.15
Thanks for reading. This is just a thought experiment, I wouldn't consider it a proposal. I'm glad that it piqued the interest of someone sincerely looking to improve Steem, and that's all I was hoping to achieve. 

Like I mentioned in the other thread, I'm in support of the EIP, conditional on the exact details and numbers. I believe it'll only bring marginal gains until the fundament flaw is addressed (i.e. plutocracy), but it's the best short-term proposal we have thus far and marginal gains are better than zero gains. 

Since you have my attention, I'm going to write up a few examples shortly.
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@liberosist · (edited)
$0.19
While thinking about this further, I may have thought of a more specific solution to Steem's problems. The first clarification should be that curation rewards will continue to work as it does now, with the possibility of adding curation rewards to downvotes. For now, I'm going to write about simpler solutions and use existing systems available to us. 

Idea #1: **In short, the ability to counter specific votes.**

Currently, each vote assigns a certain number of R-shares, +ve and -ve. +ve votes come with a curation rewards share, depending on when they vote as per the squared curation rewards curve and their R-shares. Let's call it Wgt%. So, for each vote, we have R-shares and Wgt%. Now, in addition of a per-post basis, be a similar curation Wgt% for each vote for each countered, or contended, vote. 

Example: A whale self-votes with 1,000 R-shares. 1,000 minnows have 1 R-shares each, but today they are not going to do anything about it because a) fear of retaliation, b) don't want to waste 2% VP (proportional to voting %) for zero effect and b) no incentives to do so. 

A distribution algorithm needs to be worked out, of course. The whale will start to lose VP depending on how heavily the vote is countered. Meanwhile, minnows will be subsisided depending on how much they counter it. The ones who counter early will see more of a subsidy as per the Wgt%. 

In a perfect scenario, the 1,000 minnows have countered the vote, and the net vote now stands at 0 R-shares. The total equilibrium VP of the vote can also stand at 0. So, the whale will subsidize all minnows' voting in VP. How much they lose will depend on the exact distribution curve used. Of course, the minnows who countered early may even stand to gain VP, while those who piled on the counter votes late will probably lose some VP, but a bit less than the 2% they do now. Once again, these are just examples, a fair distribution curve needs to be worked out. 

A similar situation would be a popular post with 1,000 R-shares, which one vindictive whale reduces to 0 with one fell swoop. People can now be incentivised to counter this abusive downvote. 

These are extreme situations for illustrative purposes. A more realistic scenario would fall somewhere in the middle. People can support or counter a contentious vote. If the vote is only e.g. 25% countered, the median still falls within the original vote's side, so those voting that way are on the "correct" side. Even so, it was a contentious vote, and they'll have to pay a smaller penalty in VP. The 25% that countered do have somewhat of a case, so their VP costs will be slightly discounted under 2%. Again, depending on the distribution curve, there'll be a certain threshold beyond which the whale's vote becomes increasingly contentious and as will their VP penalty. The counter votes' VP costs will increasingly approach zero, and for some who were the earliest to counter, it will be a gain of VP. Thus, incentivizing people to get the ball rolling on countering an abusive vote. 

Important clarification: If one counters on a given vote on a post, they will not be able to vote on the post itself. 

----

Idea #2: Now, back to a more general system, as per my initial thought experiment. 

For each post, it's a competition between +ve R-shares and -ve R-shares, or at least should be. Now consider the Wgt%, which is already a system built-in to calculate curation rewards. We need to modify it so it also considers -ve R-shares. I'm aware that's more complex than it sounds, but there are econometrists and developers far smarter than me who can figure it out, I'm sure. A radical approach would be to have negative curation rewards, in this case, so bad actors stand to lose SP for truly bad curation. But we're not doing that, and restricting losses only to VP here. 

Another way to do this would be to not consider R-shares for Wgt%, just purely when they voted, empowering minnows even further. By including R-shares, it'll encourage whales to get involved with correct curation, but on the other hand, whales will continue to dictate what is "correct". I don't have enough information to know which way is better. 

Either way, the end result is we end up with a scale of -ve Wgt% to +ve Wgt%. Of course, the algorithm and formulae for calculating this distribution needs to be worked out. It'll probably be some form of normal distribution that'll be designed to identify outliers. 

Unlike the counter voting method, the median voting cost might need to be above 0 as the post is still allocating net R-shares, maybe 2% as it is now. I'd prefer a floating median, based on how divided a certain post is. If the +ve and -ve sides are equally divided, I'd imagine the median VP would need to be 0. I don't really have a good sense about this, so let's move on. 

I'd expect most posts will end up with an expected distribution, with most people ending up spending approximately the same as median 2%. It'll only be some (if any) outlier votes, that'll be penalized with VP costs, their penalty will be reallocated to the "correct" curators proportionately by Wgt% whilst keeping the weighted equilibrium at 2% overall. In a nutshell, wisdom-of-the-crowds, penalize the outliers. Of course, the crowds could very well be wrong, but we have to make that assumption here, given we are allocating a common reward pool. Furthermore, the incentives are now there for people to appeal for more votes to correct an injustice. The big problem, as I alluded to earlier, is that the stake-weighted function will still remain, and at some point the distribution/algorithm will break and a collusion of whales can end up on the "correct" side. There's a more complicated solution to mitigate that, involving maintaining relationships between voters, but that's for a different discussion. 

Example: Same scenario as above. Instead of countering the specific vote, the 1,000 minnows will now downvote (or upvote) the post. A distribution will form, based on the nature of votes. In this case, there'll be a clear outlier, which will need to subsidize the VP costs on the "correct" side. Those with Wgt% end up with greater subsidies. The tippy-top curators will end up with a net gain in VP. 

Of course, usually it's going to be some combination of upvotes and downvotes. In most cases, it's probably going to be pretty even, with most curators spending between +/- 0.2% of the median 2%. It's only the contentious ones where we'll see some outliers begin to form.  

----

Thinking out loud, a "quality control" curation project can be formed. With the right coordination, we now have a group of people that are incentivised to work together and start downvoting bad bid botted (tongue twister!) posts en masse. With enough of the right decisions, they could end up with 100% VP (or even greater than?), while there'll be long term damage with even whales perpetually ending up with cripplingly low VP. The whales will have to either curate better or exit the platform. In the 3 years I have been on Steem, nothing has been as exciting as the formation of Curie. A quality control curation project will get me excited about the platform again. 

Of course, all of this will need a cultural shift. Downvote subsidies as per the EIP, other incentives, other ideas to get the ball rolling. Ultimately, the best solution will need to take the best of all available ideas. 

Anyway, this has been all over the place, sorry. I hope this helps in any way. Even if not, thanks for reading!
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vote details (1)
@trafalgar · (edited)
Yes, I think I understand what you mean. 

I believe my initial observation is correct but incomplete as it only focused on positive curation. So ignoring downvotes for a sec, say a post gets $10. Anyone who came in with a better than average curation (over 25%) will have some of their VP cost paid from those with worse than average curation, and because its a squared weighted curve which allows the best ones to get more money in curation than their vote itself, those ones will actually win positive VP from the post.

And you want downvotes to have curation too, and I get how you sort of envision this, by starting the curation curve at the point where they downvoted and going the other direction. 



Now it seems in your calculations that VP doesn't follow a 25% rule, they actually get the total amount back. So if a post gets to $10 by a whale, and a group of minnows vote it all the way down and it's paid out as $0, the average minnow doesn't pay any VP, it's totally subsidized by the initial whale for having his vote totally countered he loses both money and gives those who reached the correct consensus a collective free downvote by paying double the VP.

Another example would be if a post gets to $10, then is downvoted to $5, again the total cost of the downvote is covered. Here the upvotes will pay 1.5x the VP and completely cover the cost of the downvote which is half its size.

I spot an asymmetry here that may be problematic. An uncontested upvote still costs VP, while an uncontested downvote is effectively free: if I vote something to $10, and it remains there until payout, it still costs me 2% VP. But if I downvote something from $10 to $0 and it remains at $0, it's free (fully subsidized by the initial upvoter as per your example)

So if A votes something to $10, and B downvotes it to $0, but C upvotes it back up to $5, by your logic, A would have to cover his own cost and half of B's cost and C would have to cover his own cost, but B only has to cover half of his cost, even though A and B were both wrong by the same amount and C was right. In other words it will cost A 1.5x his vote, B 0.5x his vote and C 1x of his vote, even though A and B were equally wrong and C was right.

That is to say, the asymmetry of  this scheme strongly favors downvotes, as downvotes are effectively free or cheaper than free if the payout ends up being equal or lower than the amount to which you had downvoted the post.

In other words this:
> In a perfect scenario, the 1,000 minnows have countered the vote, and the net vote now stands at 0 R-shares. The total equilibrium VP of the vote can also stand at 0. So, the whale will subsidize all minnows' voting in VP.

makes this:
> A similar situation would be a popular post with 1,000 R-shares, which one vindictive whale reduces to 0 with one fell swoop. People can now be incentivised to counter this abusive downvote.

impossible. There are 3 uses of 1000 rshares worth of VP here. Pushing the post to 1000 rshares, downvoted -1000 by an abusive whale, and upvoted again to 1000 by those restoring the real value of the post.

But the whale who would have got a clean free downvote if it remained at 0, will only need to pay out for the cost of a single vote once it got pushed back to 1000 rshares. Which means the VP cost of the other 2 uses of 1000 rshares will have to be covered by the good actors.

I think you accidentally introduced an asymmetry in your examples that ended up favoring downvotes too much. The bad news I feel is that there's probably no fair way to make this symmetrical.

If a post goes to $10, then someone downvotes it to $0, and he's considered 'correct' and thus has all his VP subsidized. In order to make that symetrical, imagine a vote that goes up to $10, then is pushed back down to $0, then pushed back up to $10. Now the two upvoters are correct, does the single downvoter have to cover the cost of all 3 votes (2 upvoters and his own?)

Passing around VP based on how accurate votes end up being is very difficult in practice. The method of outlier detection you later mentioned is also very susceptible to multi account sybil attacks. As you sort of spotted yourself, this would likely lead to abuse in practice as whales have an easier time determining what's ultimately 'correct' at the last minute. It is also perhaps very difficult to implement.

It's a novel idea but I can't get the numbers right in my head for it to even come close to working in practice. Of course I only tried for a few minutes so it might be worth more thought but its unlikely to get implemented in practice.
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