ENGLISH GRAMMAR: Figures of Speech: Pictures - Part 2 by frieda

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· @frieda · (edited)
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR: Figures of Speech: Pictures - Part 2
### Figure of speech is a mode or expression in words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to add beauty or emotional intensity or to transfer the poet's sense. It is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning or a ***phrase*** with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. It often provides emphasis, a freshness of expression, or clarity.

### Figure of Speech Enhance the Author's Creation
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmR5J2XmcTbq1EfHT2YeES3MuGsBERxQMqCCLo3KrbjjPF/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmR5J2XmcTbq1EfHT2YeES3MuGsBERxQMqCCLo3KrbjjPF/image.png)

![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXQybznQqWwxG4eHYDdJVTzwQwZFjpkHoWCegv9MgzEtV/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXQybznQqWwxG4eHYDdJVTzwQwZFjpkHoWCegv9MgzEtV/image.png)

 ## PICTURES

### Simile
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmf7PasG3UjCiTKJoN8mFstfaJEUNdsu3t4XeFhNhn2ozh/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmf7PasG3UjCiTKJoN8mFstfaJEUNdsu3t4XeFhNhn2ozh/image.png)

### Simile: using like & as
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVBSQgm9e9x4wZSXtsh8Xcx37dEosjiiRqxgtNTGiweQF/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVBSQgm9e9x4wZSXtsh8Xcx37dEosjiiRqxgtNTGiweQF/image.png)
1. **Simile:** It is ***stated*** that there is a likeness between two things; usually they are alike in one respect only.

- Diaphenia like the daffydown dilly,
  White as the sun, fair as the lily.

![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmX5rMDnZrF7TTP6PoTUpSwgHGbMD9ujaeoTsYt3sBwVap/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmX5rMDnZrF7TTP6PoTUpSwgHGbMD9ujaeoTsYt3sBwVap/image.png)

> A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things. The simile is usually in a phrase that begins with "as" or "like." (This is different from a metaphor, which is a comparison that says something is something else.) The often nonsensical aspect of similes makes them a fun way to get kids excited about reading and writing.
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/simile-examples-for-kids.html
### Metaphors
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSnDhFahfsVFUS18nhWXvEecaevkg9RiYeKGZRizZxgsw/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSnDhFahfsVFUS18nhWXvEecaevkg9RiYeKGZRizZxgsw/image.png)
2. **Metaphor:** It is ***implied*** that there is a likeness between two things, in one respect.
- Knowledge is the key to power.
- Tyger, Tyger, burning bright
   In the forests of the night.
- . . . And Thrush
  Through the echoing timber doth so rinse and wring.
Metaphors: Comparing two or more unlike things: Saying one is the other, without using the words "like" or "as".
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPf5bugXuR4JKSkzXoVFub7qDxQBgHvcvF8kLpdpXWPKq/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPf5bugXuR4JKSkzXoVFub7qDxQBgHvcvF8kLpdpXWPKq/image.png)

Metaphors are sometimes expanded into whole stories, such as Allegories, Parables and Fables.
***The Pilgrim's Progress*** is a ***allegory***; it is a story in which a man's spiritual life is compared to a journey (but, as in all metaphors, the comparison is only ***implied***).

The story of ***The Prodigal Son*** is a ***parable***; it is a short allegory, told to teach a moral lesson.
The story of ***The Fox and the Grapes*** is a ***fable***; in fables the characters are animals, but the moral, which is usually stated at the end, is meant to apply to men.

### Personification
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcifio8SgsGK6JvdQYDZm7ADaNC3xccBwCz6CtQPJVQK8/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcifio8SgsGK6JvdQYDZm7ADaNC3xccBwCz6CtQPJVQK8/image.png)

3. **Personification:** An abstract quality or an inanimate creature is represented as acting like a person.
"Care-charmer ***sleep, son*** of the sable night,
***Brother*** to death, in silent darkness ***born."***
"Busy ***old fool***, unruly sun!"

### Metonymy
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQR66KWpWyhq7CocifRzcc1YZDk5zYJ1VqfXc7k7c7xmM/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQR66KWpWyhq7CocifRzcc1YZDk5zYJ1VqfXc7k7c7xmM/image.png)

4. **Metonymy:** Instead of naming the thing itself, the name of something associated with it is given. 
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXnyqGBt7npPywYbUULgMFso8izx4n9bmwW8DtMCFbbGh/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXnyqGBt7npPywYbUULgMFso8izx4n9bmwW8DtMCFbbGh/image.png)
The ***sceptre***, learning, ***physic*** must
All follow this and come to dust.

### Synecdoche
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNRFA8hEwssV3rSgidm6JuLeCMLDU4tLdyiiqorSkfyBU/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNRFA8hEwssV3rSgidm6JuLeCMLDU4tLdyiiqorSkfyBU/image.png)
5. **Synecdoche:** The part represents the whole (the particular, the general: the abstract, the concrete, etc.) and ***vice versa***.
Some mute inglorious ***Milton:*** here may rest. (particular for general)
Some Cromwell guiltless of his ***country's*** blood. (abstract for concrete.)
All ***hands*** to the pumps!

### Euphemism
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRh832AtyxXbELNZc4m7jKDzsGqXYwzwAcu7F7QjWX88h/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRh832AtyxXbELNZc4m7jKDzsGqXYwzwAcu7F7QjWX88h/image.png)
6. **Euphemism**: An unpleasant or frightening thing is called by a pleasant or harmless-sounding name. Euphemisms throw a curious and interesting light on human nature.
**Fear**: to go west, to peg out, to pass on (to die); a ***serious*** illness; a ***critical*** illness; Undertaker.
**Shame**: perspire (for sweat); expectorate (spit); neither garments (trousers). (Notice how we hide behind long and foreign-sounding words).

![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbKRRXU3h64rTeJeb7swYuzpfPUd6YNndv6FqguYvSy1u/image.png)
[Image credit](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbKRRXU3h64rTeJeb7swYuzpfPUd6YNndv6FqguYvSy1u/image.png)

These six figures may all be called pictures of imagery; in essence, they are all metaphors, the metaphor being far the commonest and most interesting figure of speech.

**To follow Part 3: DEVICES**

Sources: English Grammar: EBH Joubert 
https://kidskonnect.com/language/figurative-language/
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4291772/
https://www.slideshare.net/guestd6a33d/figure-of-speech
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification
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@heartscally ·
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This is a superb explanation on figures of speech! Thanks for sharing.
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@frieda ·
Thank you very much for your reply!
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@sndbox-alpha ·
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#### You have been upvoted by the @sndbox-alpha! Our curation team is currently formed by @jeffbernst, @bitrocker2020,  @jrswab & @teachblogger . We are seeking posts of the highest quality and we deem your endeavour as one of them. If you want to get to know more, feel free to check our blog.
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@frieda ·
Thank you very much!
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@sweetpea ·
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I wish I had an English teacher like you in Highschool, I battled with the subject and it was only when I reached adulthood that it all started making sense!
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@happycrazycon ·
This is very useful because I was just revising figures of speech with my student the other day. Hence I got to resteem so I can share it with him in our next class :) Thanks @frieda!
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@ameaningfullife ·
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This brings me back to childhood.

 It's great to know about Synecdoche and Metonymy. I have been using them all this time but I didn't know that they're called that way. Great post.
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@frieda ·
Thank you for your reply!
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